Branches of Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, typically containing carbon and hydrogen.
• Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical principles underlying chemical reactions and processes.
• Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms: The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons: Particles with no charge in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical Bonds: Attractive forces that hold atoms together in a molecule.
• Ionic Bonds: Formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Covalent Bonds: Formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
• Hydrogen Bonds: Weak bonds between molecules, often involving hydrogen atoms.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Equation: A representation of a chemical reaction, using chemical formulas and arrows.
• Reactants: Substances consumed in a chemical reaction.
• Products: Substances formed in a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts: Substances that speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Stoichiometry

• Mole: A unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance, in grams.
• Stoichiometric Coefficients: Numbers in a chemical equation that indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products.

Laboratory Techniques

• Titration: A method of analysis that involves the slow addition of a reactant to a solution.
• Chromatography: A method of separation and analysis of mixtures based on differences in properties.
• Spectroscopy: A method of analysis that involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic chemistry studies inorganic compounds, typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic chemistry focuses on organic compounds, typically containing carbon and hydrogen.
• Physical chemistry examines the physical principles underlying chemical reactions and processes.
• Analytical chemistry analyzes and identifies the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms are the smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons have no charge in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical bonds are attractive forces that hold atoms together in a molecule.
• Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
• Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between molecules, often involving hydrogen atoms.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical equations represent a chemical reaction, using chemical formulas and arrows.
• Reactants are substances consumed in a chemical reaction.
• Products are substances formed in a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Stoichiometry

• A mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, in grams.
• Stoichiometric coefficients are numbers in a chemical equation that indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products.

Laboratory Techniques

• Titration is a method of analysis that involves the slow addition of a reactant to a solution.
• Chromatography is a method of separation and analysis of mixtures based on differences in properties.
• Spectroscopy is a method of analysis that involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.