Branches of Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, which are typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, which are typically derived from living organisms.
• Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical principles underlying chemical reactions and processes.
• Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms: The building blocks of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons: Positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus.
• Neutrons: Particles with no charge that reside in the nucleus.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
• Valence Electrons: Electrons in the outermost energy level, involved in chemical bonding.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical Bonds: Attractive forces that hold atoms together.
• Covalent Bonds: Bonds formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
• Ionic Bonds: Bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Hydrogen Bonds: Weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Equations: Representations of chemical reactions using chemical formulas and symbols.
• Reactants: Substances that undergo a chemical change.
• Products: Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts: Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Stoichiometry

• Moles: Units of measurement for the amount of a substance.
• Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance.
• Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms in a molecule.

Laboratory Techniques

• Titration: A method of determining the concentration of a solution.
• Chromatography: A method of separating and identifying mixtures.
• Crystallization: A method of purifying substances by forming crystals.
• Spectroscopy: A method of analyzing the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic chemistry studies inorganic compounds, typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic chemistry studies organic compounds, typically derived from living organisms.
• Physical chemistry studies the physical principles underlying chemical reactions and processes.
• Analytical chemistry studies the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry studies the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons are positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus.
• Neutrons are particles with no charge that reside in the nucleus.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
• Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost energy level, involved in chemical bonding.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical bonds are attractive forces that hold atoms together.
• Covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical equations represent chemical reactions using chemical formulas and symbols.
• Reactants are substances that undergo a chemical change.
• Products are substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Stoichiometry

• Moles are units of measurement for the amount of a substance.
• Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.
• Empirical formula is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Molecular formula is the actual number of atoms in a molecule.

Laboratory Techniques

• Titration is a method of determining the concentration of a solution.
• Chromatography is a method of separating and identifying mixtures.
• Crystallization is a method of purifying substances by forming crystals.
• Spectroscopy is a method of analyzing the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

Explore the different branches of chemistry, including inorganic, organic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry. Learn about their focus and areas of study.