Chemical Texture Services Quiz

Chemical Texture Services

• Alter natural wave pattern of hair through chemical processes.
• Includes techniques like permanent waving and relaxing.

Permanent Waving

• Introduces wave or curl to straight hair.
• Involves a two-step process: physical (wrapping on rods), followed by chemical (applying solutions).

Relaxing

• Removes curl, resulting in smooth, wave-free hair.
• Commonly used for maintaining straight hair styles.

Curl Re-Forming

• Loosens tight curls to create softer, looser curls or waves.

Hair Structure Components

• Includes three layers: Cuticle, Cortex, and Medulla.

Cuticle

• Tough, outer layer of hair; does not affect texture or movement.

Cortex

• Middle layer responsible for hair's strength and elasticity.

Medulla

• Inner layer; not involved in chemical texture processes.

pH Scale

• Ranges from 0 to 14, measuring acidity/alkalinity.
• pH 4.5 - 5.5 is the natural range for hair; acidic solutions (0-6.9) and alkaline (7.1-14).

Chemical Texturizers

• Raise hair pH to soften and swell hair shaft for processing.

Amino Acids and Bonds

• Basic building blocks of hair: Amino acids, Peptide bonds, Polypeptide chains, Keratin proteins, Side bonds.

Side Bonds

• Include disulfide (strongest, crucial for strength), salt (weaker, affected by pH), and hydrogen bonds (easily broken by heat or water).

Permanent Wave Process

• Requires breaking disulfide bonds; successful processing depends on correct application.

Rod Types

• Rod size determines curl size; rod shape and wrapping method influence curl type.
• Types include Concave, Straight, Soft Bender, and Loop rods.

End Paper Techniques

• End papers control hair ends during wrapping: Double Flat, Single Flat, and Bookend wraps.

Rod Placement Techniques

• On Base, Half Off-Base, Off Base determine rod positioning relative to the scalp.

Perm Wrap Methods

• Croquignole: wraps hair from ends to scalp.
• Spiral: wraps at an angle, creating a spiral effect.
• Double-rod: uses two rods for long hair.

Waving Solutions

• Alkaline solutions (pH 9.0-9.6) use ammonium thioglycolate, cold waves process at room temperature.
• Acid waves (pH 4.5-7.0) require heat and use glyceryl monothioglycolate.

Relaxers

• Rearrange curly hair into smoother forms.
• Two main types: Thio (ATG) and Sodium Hydroxide.
• Thio relaxers have higher pH and thicker consistency for control.

Japanese Thermal Straighteners

• Combination of thio relaxers and flat ironing for straightening.

Hydroxide Relaxers

• High pH and strong alkaline properties; includes Metal Hydroxide (ionic compounds) and Lye-Based relaxers (sodium hydroxide).

Base Cream

• Oily cream that protects skin/scalp during relaxing processes.
• Base relaxers need protective cream; no-base relaxers contain built-in protection.

Relaxer Strengths

• Mild, Regular, and Super formulations cater to various hair types, from fine to extremely coarse.