Chemical Texture Services Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are chemical texture services?

  • Services that add color to hair
  • Hair services that cause a chemical change to the natural wave pattern (correct)
  • Services that only trim the hair
  • None of the above

    • What is permanent waving?

    Adding wave or curl to hair

    What does relaxing do to hair?

    Removes curl, leaving the hair smooth and wave-free

    What is curl re-forming?

    <p>Soft curl permanents loosening overly curly hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of hair structure?

    <p>Cuticle, Cortex, and Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cuticle?

    <p>The tough exterior layer of the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cortex responsible for?

    <p>Incredible strength and elasticity of human hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medulla do?

    <p>It does not play a role in chemical texture services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potential hydrogen (pH)?

    <p>A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH scale range?

    <p>0 - 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered acidic on the pH scale?

    <p>0 - 6.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neutral pH?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alkaline on the pH scale?

    <p>7.1 - 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural pH of hair?

    <p>4.5 - 5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chemical texturizers do?

    <p>Raise the pH of hair to an alkaline state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Softening in hair opens the cuticle layer and allows the solution to reach the _________ layer.

    <p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does damaged hair require in terms of pH?

    <p>Less alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of hair?

    <p>Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, side bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are amino acids?

    <p>Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are peptide bonds?

    <p>Chemical bonds that join amino acids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polypeptide chains?

    <p>Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are keratin proteins?

    <p>Long, coiled polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are side bonds?

    <p>Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are disulfide bonds?

    <p>Strong chemical side bonds formed when sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are salt bonds?

    <p>Relatively weak physical side bonds from attraction between electrical charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Weak physical side bonds resulting from attraction between opposite electrical charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to side bonds during a permanent wave process?

    <p>They are altered when done correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is permanent waving?

    <p>A 2-step process involving both physical and chemical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of the curl in perming?

    <p>Rod size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the shape and type of curl?

    <p>The rod shape and wrapping method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are concave rods?

    <p>Rods with a smaller diameter in the center that increase to a larger diameter on the ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are straight rods?

    <p>Rods equal in diameter along their entire length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are soft bender rods?

    <p>Rods about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of end papers?

    <p>Control the ends of the hair when wrapping on perm rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a double flat wrap?

    <p>One paper under the strand and another over the strand of hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a single flat wrap?

    <p>One end paper placed over the strand of hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is basic perm wrapping?

    <p>All rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are relaxers?

    <p>Services that rearrange the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common types of chemical hair relaxers?

    <p>Thio (ammonium thioglycolate) and sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thio relaxers use?

    <p>The same ATG used in permanent waving at a higher concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does viscosity measure?

    <p>The thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects its flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydroxide relaxer?

    <p>A relaxer with a very strong alkaline active ingredient and pH over 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are metal hydroxide relaxers?

    <p>Ionic compounds formed by metal sodium, potassium, or lithium combined with oxygen and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lye-based relaxers commonly contain?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are no-lye relaxers?

    <p>Relaxers containing lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is base cream used for?

    <p>To protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are relaxer strengths?

    <p>Mild, regular, and super</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mild-strength relaxers formulated for?

    <p>Fine, color-treated, or damaged hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are regular-strength relaxers intended for?

    <p>Normal hair texture with a medium natural curl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are super-strength relaxers used for?

    <p>Maximum straightening on very coarse, extremely curly, and resistant hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Texture Services

    • Alter natural wave pattern of hair through chemical processes.
    • Includes techniques like permanent waving and relaxing.

    Permanent Waving

    • Introduces wave or curl to straight hair.
    • Involves a two-step process: physical (wrapping on rods), followed by chemical (applying solutions).

    Relaxing

    • Removes curl, resulting in smooth, wave-free hair.
    • Commonly used for maintaining straight hair styles.

    Curl Re-Forming

    • Loosens tight curls to create softer, looser curls or waves.

    Hair Structure Components

    • Includes three layers: Cuticle, Cortex, and Medulla.

    Cuticle

    • Tough, outer layer of hair; does not affect texture or movement.

    Cortex

    • Middle layer responsible for hair's strength and elasticity.

    Medulla

    • Inner layer; not involved in chemical texture processes.

    pH Scale

    • Ranges from 0 to 14, measuring acidity/alkalinity.
    • pH 4.5 - 5.5 is the natural range for hair; acidic solutions (0-6.9) and alkaline (7.1-14).

    Chemical Texturizers

    • Raise hair pH to soften and swell hair shaft for processing.

    Amino Acids and Bonds

    • Basic building blocks of hair: Amino acids, Peptide bonds, Polypeptide chains, Keratin proteins, Side bonds.

    Side Bonds

    • Include disulfide (strongest, crucial for strength), salt (weaker, affected by pH), and hydrogen bonds (easily broken by heat or water).

    Permanent Wave Process

    • Requires breaking disulfide bonds; successful processing depends on correct application.

    Rod Types

    • Rod size determines curl size; rod shape and wrapping method influence curl type.
    • Types include Concave, Straight, Soft Bender, and Loop rods.

    End Paper Techniques

    • End papers control hair ends during wrapping: Double Flat, Single Flat, and Bookend wraps.

    Rod Placement Techniques

    • On Base, Half Off-Base, Off Base determine rod positioning relative to the scalp.

    Perm Wrap Methods

    • Croquignole: wraps hair from ends to scalp.
    • Spiral: wraps at an angle, creating a spiral effect.
    • Double-rod: uses two rods for long hair.

    Waving Solutions

    • Alkaline solutions (pH 9.0-9.6) use ammonium thioglycolate, cold waves process at room temperature.
    • Acid waves (pH 4.5-7.0) require heat and use glyceryl monothioglycolate.

    Relaxers

    • Rearrange curly hair into smoother forms.
    • Two main types: Thio (ATG) and Sodium Hydroxide.
    • Thio relaxers have higher pH and thicker consistency for control.

    Japanese Thermal Straighteners

    • Combination of thio relaxers and flat ironing for straightening.

    Hydroxide Relaxers

    • High pH and strong alkaline properties; includes Metal Hydroxide (ionic compounds) and Lye-Based relaxers (sodium hydroxide).

    Base Cream

    • Oily cream that protects skin/scalp during relaxing processes.
    • Base relaxers need protective cream; no-base relaxers contain built-in protection.

    Relaxer Strengths

    • Mild, Regular, and Super formulations cater to various hair types, from fine to extremely coarse.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on chemical texture services including permanent waving, relaxing, and curl re-forming techniques. Understand the components of hair structure and the significance of the pH scale in hair care. This quiz will cover essential concepts to help you master the art of hair texture manipulation.

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