Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are chemical texture services?
What is permanent waving?
Adding wave or curl to hair
What does relaxing do to hair?
Removes curl, leaving the hair smooth and wave-free
What is curl re-forming?
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What are the components of hair structure?
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What is the cuticle?
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What is the cortex responsible for?
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What does the medulla do?
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What is potential hydrogen (pH)?
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What is the pH scale range?
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What is considered acidic on the pH scale?
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What is the neutral pH?
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What is alkaline on the pH scale?
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What is the natural pH of hair?
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What do chemical texturizers do?
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Softening in hair opens the cuticle layer and allows the solution to reach the _________ layer.
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What does damaged hair require in terms of pH?
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What are the building blocks of hair?
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What are amino acids?
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What are peptide bonds?
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What are polypeptide chains?
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What are keratin proteins?
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What are side bonds?
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What type of bonds are disulfide bonds?
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What type of bonds are salt bonds?
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What are hydrogen bonds?
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What happens to side bonds during a permanent wave process?
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What is permanent waving?
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What determines the size of the curl in perming?
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What determines the shape and type of curl?
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What are concave rods?
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What are straight rods?
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What are soft bender rods?
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What is the purpose of end papers?
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What is a double flat wrap?
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What is a single flat wrap?
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What is basic perm wrapping?
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What are relaxers?
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What are common types of chemical hair relaxers?
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What do thio relaxers use?
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What does viscosity measure?
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What is a hydroxide relaxer?
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What are metal hydroxide relaxers?
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What do lye-based relaxers commonly contain?
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What are no-lye relaxers?
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What is base cream used for?
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What are relaxer strengths?
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What are mild-strength relaxers formulated for?
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What are regular-strength relaxers intended for?
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What are super-strength relaxers used for?
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Study Notes
Chemical Texture Services
- Alter natural wave pattern of hair through chemical processes.
- Includes techniques like permanent waving and relaxing.
Permanent Waving
- Introduces wave or curl to straight hair.
- Involves a two-step process: physical (wrapping on rods), followed by chemical (applying solutions).
Relaxing
- Removes curl, resulting in smooth, wave-free hair.
- Commonly used for maintaining straight hair styles.
Curl Re-Forming
- Loosens tight curls to create softer, looser curls or waves.
Hair Structure Components
- Includes three layers: Cuticle, Cortex, and Medulla.
Cuticle
- Tough, outer layer of hair; does not affect texture or movement.
Cortex
- Middle layer responsible for hair's strength and elasticity.
Medulla
- Inner layer; not involved in chemical texture processes.
pH Scale
- Ranges from 0 to 14, measuring acidity/alkalinity.
- pH 4.5 - 5.5 is the natural range for hair; acidic solutions (0-6.9) and alkaline (7.1-14).
Chemical Texturizers
- Raise hair pH to soften and swell hair shaft for processing.
Amino Acids and Bonds
- Basic building blocks of hair: Amino acids, Peptide bonds, Polypeptide chains, Keratin proteins, Side bonds.
Side Bonds
- Include disulfide (strongest, crucial for strength), salt (weaker, affected by pH), and hydrogen bonds (easily broken by heat or water).
Permanent Wave Process
- Requires breaking disulfide bonds; successful processing depends on correct application.
Rod Types
- Rod size determines curl size; rod shape and wrapping method influence curl type.
- Types include Concave, Straight, Soft Bender, and Loop rods.
End Paper Techniques
- End papers control hair ends during wrapping: Double Flat, Single Flat, and Bookend wraps.
Rod Placement Techniques
- On Base, Half Off-Base, Off Base determine rod positioning relative to the scalp.
Perm Wrap Methods
- Croquignole: wraps hair from ends to scalp.
- Spiral: wraps at an angle, creating a spiral effect.
- Double-rod: uses two rods for long hair.
Waving Solutions
- Alkaline solutions (pH 9.0-9.6) use ammonium thioglycolate, cold waves process at room temperature.
- Acid waves (pH 4.5-7.0) require heat and use glyceryl monothioglycolate.
Relaxers
- Rearrange curly hair into smoother forms.
- Two main types: Thio (ATG) and Sodium Hydroxide.
- Thio relaxers have higher pH and thicker consistency for control.
Japanese Thermal Straighteners
- Combination of thio relaxers and flat ironing for straightening.
Hydroxide Relaxers
- High pH and strong alkaline properties; includes Metal Hydroxide (ionic compounds) and Lye-Based relaxers (sodium hydroxide).
Base Cream
- Oily cream that protects skin/scalp during relaxing processes.
- Base relaxers need protective cream; no-base relaxers contain built-in protection.
Relaxer Strengths
- Mild, Regular, and Super formulations cater to various hair types, from fine to extremely coarse.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chemical texture services including permanent waving, relaxing, and curl re-forming techniques. Understand the components of hair structure and the significance of the pH scale in hair care. This quiz will cover essential concepts to help you master the art of hair texture manipulation.