Chem 1004: Lewis Dot Structures & Naming

Questions and Answers

What determines an atom's behavior and bonding?

Core electrons

Total electrons

Valence electrons (correct)

Ionic charge

Which characteristic does a Lewis Dot Structure illustrate?

Molecular mass

Nuclear fission

Chemical reactivity

Bonding and lone pairs of electrons (correct)

How do you calculate the total number of valence electrons for an atom?

Use the atom's atomic number

Consider only the positive charges

Use the atom's main group number (correct)

Subtract the number of neutrons

What happens to the total number of valence electrons when determining an atom with a positive charge?

One electron is subtracted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has 4 valence electrons?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds are indicated in the lab agenda for naming?

Binary ionic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What role do lone pairs of electrons play in a Lewis Dot Structure?

They indicate bonding and stability Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the valence electrons of common nonmetals?

They typically have 4 to 8 valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What defines a covalent bond?

Atoms share electrons to form a bond. Signup and view all the answers

What is an easy method to determine if a bond is ionic or covalent?

Calculating the difference in electronegativity. Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds typically form between which types of elements?

A metal and a nonmetal. Signup and view all the answers

In naming binary covalent compounds, what prefix is used for a compound with three atoms?

Tri- Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a binary ionic compound is named first?

The metal with its normal atom name. Signup and view all the answers

What signifies that a bond is generally covalent rather than ionic?

The bond forms between two nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What suffix is added to non-metal names in binary ionic compounds?

-ide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes ionic bonds?

Characterized by the transfer of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when selecting the central atom in a Lewis Dot Structure?

The central atom should be the least electronegative (except H). Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true regarding the octet rule in Lewis Dot Structures?

Row 3 elements have no limit on the number of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step when drawing a Lewis Dot Structure?

Find the total number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the central atom in a Lewis Dot Structure does not have a full octet?

Make multiple bonds with terminal atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ionic bonding?

It is characterized by the transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal. Signup and view all the answers

When assigning leftover electrons in a Lewis Dot Structure, what is the correct approach?

Assign them to terminal atoms and subtract from the total. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of valence electrons in bonding?

They can be used for both ionic and covalent bonding. Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydrogen treated differently when determining the central atom?

Hydrogen requires fewer electrons to fill its shell. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Updates

Upcoming lab will be conducted online, focusing on Lewis Dot structures.
Recitation topics include binary covalent and ionic compound naming.
Emphasis on understanding ionic compounds with polyatomic or complex ions.

Lewis Dot Structure

Electrons orbit the nucleus in varying "shells"; outermost electrons are valence electrons.
Valence electrons dictate an atom's behavior and bonding potential.
Lewis Dot structures illustrate bonding and lone electron pairs, applicable to small molecules.
Example: Carbon (4 valence electrons) vs Hydrogen (1 valence electron).

Steps to Draw a Lewis Dot Structure

Find total valence electrons; this equals the atom's main group number.
Adjust valence count by adding electrons for negative charges or subtracting for positive charges.
Identify the central atom, typically the least electronegative, excluding hydrogen.
Follow the octet rule: row 1 can hold 2 electrons, while rows 2 and beyond can exceed 8.
Distribute leftover electrons to terminal atoms and adjust total accordingly.
If the central atom doesn't achieve a full octet, apply multiple bonds where necessary.

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds

Bonding involves electron sharing to complete valence shells.
Ionic bonding entails transferring electrons from metals to non-metals for full valence shells.
Covalent bonding occurs when different atoms share electrons.
The simplest method to determine bond type is by examining electronegativity differences.
Ionic bonds typically form between metals (left side of the periodic table) and nonmetals (right side).
Covalent bonds arise from interactions among atoms on the right side of the periodic table.

Naming Binary Compounds

Binary compounds consist of two bonded atoms.
In naming binary covalent compounds, the least electronegative atom is listed first.
Prefixes denote the number of atoms (e.g., mono- for one, di- for two).
For binary ionic compounds, the metal retains its element name, while the non-metal receives an “-ide” suffix.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of Lewis Dot structures and the naming of binary inorganic compounds in Chem 1004. Students will engage in discussions and Q&A sessions to solidify their understanding of ionic and covalent naming. Prepare for upcoming lab work that complements these topics.