Chapter 6 - Osseous Tissue Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the Skeletal System include?

Muscles

Bones of the skeleton (correct)

Cartilages (correct)

Ligaments and connective tissues (correct)

The five primary functions of the skeletal system are: Support, Storage of Minerals, Blood Cell Production, Protection, and _______

Leverage

The skeletal system provides no support for the body.

False

What mineral is the most abundant in the human body?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood cell production occur in the skeletal system?

Red bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones function as levers in the skeletal system?

Long Bones Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bone types with their characteristics:

Sutural Bones = Small, flat bones between the flat bones of the skull Irregular Bones = Complex shapes such as spinal vertebrae Short Bones = Small and thick, such as ankle bones Flat Bones = Thin with parallel surfaces, found in the skull and ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteocytes?

To maintain protein and mineral content of matrix and to help repair damaged bone Signup and view all the answers

Bone development stops after the age of 25.

True Signup and view all the answers

The process of replacing other tissues with bone is known as _______.

Ossification Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic functional unit of mature compact bone?

Osteon Signup and view all the answers

Which bones develop inside tendons?

Sesamoid Bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of depositing calcium salts called?

Calcification Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

Comprises bones, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues.
Functions include support, mineral and lipid storage, blood cell production, protection, and leverage.

Key Functions of the Skeletal System

Support: Provides structural framework for body and organ attachment.
Storage: Stores calcium, lipids, and maintains mineral balance in body fluids.
Blood Cell Production: Generates red and white blood cells in red bone marrow.
Protection: Shields vital organs (e.g., ribs for heart/lungs, skull for brain).
Leverage: Bones act as levers for muscle force production.

Bone Classification

Classified by shape, internal tissue organization, and surface features.
Types of bones include:
- Sutural: Small, flat bones found between skull bones.
- Irregular: Complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, pelvic bones).
- Short: Thick, small bones (e.g., wrist, ankle).
- Flat: Thin bones with parallel surfaces (e.g., skull, sternum).
- Long: Long and thin (e.g., arms, legs, fingers).
- Sesamoid: Small, flat bones inside tendons near joints.

Structure of Long Bones

Features diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), and metaphysis (where diaphysis and epiphysis meet).

Bone (Osseous) Tissue Properties

Dense connective tissue with specialized cells and a solid matrix of calcium salts around collagen fibers.
Contains osteocytes, which maintain bone matrix and assist in repair.

Bone Matrix Composition

Composed of two-thirds calcium phosphate and one-third protein fibers (collagen).
Hydroxyapatite crystals form when calcium phosphate reacts with calcium hydroxide.

Types of Bone Cells

Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that maintain the matrix.
Osteoblasts: Cells that create new bone matrix; involved in ossification.
Osteoprogenitor Cells: Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts; aid in fracture repair.
Osteoclasts: Large cells that absorb and remove bone matrix, involved in bone recycling.

Bone Development Processes

Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation.
Ossification: Replacing tissues with bone.
Calcification: Deposit of calcium salts during ossification.

Types of Ossification

Endochondral Ossification: Forms bone from a cartilage model; includes periosteum differentiation and circumferential lamellae development.
Intramembranous Ossification: Occurs in mesenchymal tissue; produces flat bones such as skull and clavicles.

Structural Features of Bone

Compact Bone: Contains osteons, central canals, and lamellae.
Spongy Bone: Formed by trabeculae; does not contain osteons, filled with red and yellow bone marrow.

Bone Marrow Types

Red Bone Marrow: Produces red blood cells and nourishes osteocytes.
Yellow Bone Marrow: Stores fat and serves as an energy reserve.

Bone Membranes

Periosteum: Covers bone surfaces, involved in growth and repair.
Endosteum: Lines medullary cavity, active during remodeling.

Bone Homeostasis

Balance between osteoblasts (building) and osteoclasts (recycling) is crucial for maintaining bone strength; weight-bearing exercises promote bone health.

Description

Explore the key concepts of the skeletal system through these flashcards. Learn about its components, functions, and various roles in the human body. Perfect for students studying osseous tissue and anatomy.