Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name the four elements that make up the Integumentary System.
Name the four elements that make up the Integumentary System.
Skin, sweat/oil glands, hair and nails
Which element is known to be our largest organ?
Which element is known to be our largest organ?
Skin
What are the two distinct layers of the skin and what are they made from?
What are the two distinct layers of the skin and what are they made from?
Epidermis (outermost layer) epithelial tissue; Dermis (innermost layer) connective tissue
What layer lies deep to the Dermis?
What layer lies deep to the Dermis?
What layer is not part of the skin but closely related structurally and functionally and is mostly made of fat?
What layer is not part of the skin but closely related structurally and functionally and is mostly made of fat?
Where is thick skin usually found?
Where is thick skin usually found?
What are the two layers of the Dermis and which is the smaller of the two?
What are the two layers of the Dermis and which is the smaller of the two?
Name the 6 functions of the skin and hypodermis.
Name the 6 functions of the skin and hypodermis.
What are the four main cell types found in the epidermis?
What are the four main cell types found in the epidermis?
These cells produce keratin and are found in all four layers of the epidermis.
These cells produce keratin and are found in all four layers of the epidermis.
These cells produce skin color.
These cells produce skin color.
These cells give us touch sensation.
These cells give us touch sensation.
These cells are macrophages; they play a role in the immune system using endocytosis.
These cells are macrophages; they play a role in the immune system using endocytosis.
A tough fibrous protein that helps to toughen the superficial part of the skin is known as what?
A tough fibrous protein that helps to toughen the superficial part of the skin is known as what?
Name 4 characteristics of Keratinocytes.
Name 4 characteristics of Keratinocytes.
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis and specify which one is only present in thick skin.
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis and specify which one is only present in thick skin.
Which layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis attached to the underlying dermis, where cells actively divide?
Which layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis attached to the underlying dermis, where cells actively divide?
Name the three types of cells found in the Stratum Basale.
Name the three types of cells found in the Stratum Basale.
What is the correlation between Melanin and light skin?
What is the correlation between Melanin and light skin?
What is the significance of having Melanin?
What is the significance of having Melanin?
What are the structures of keratinocytes as they become more superficial?
What are the structures of keratinocytes as they become more superficial?
Which layer has a 'spiny' appearance caused by artifacts of histological preparation?
Which layer has a 'spiny' appearance caused by artifacts of histological preparation?
Which layer consists of keratinocytes and keratohyaline granules that help form keratin?
Which layer consists of keratinocytes and keratohyaline granules that help form keratin?
Explain lamellated granules.
Explain lamellated granules.
What are two unique characteristics of the Stratum Granulosum layer?
What are two unique characteristics of the Stratum Granulosum layer?
Which layer occurs only in thick skin and is composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes?
Which layer occurs only in thick skin and is composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes?
Which layer is known as the 'horny' layer and protects skin against abrasion and penetration?
Which layer is known as the 'horny' layer and protects skin against abrasion and penetration?
Describe a callus, why we need it, and which layer it is closely related to.
Describe a callus, why we need it, and which layer it is closely related to.
Which layer of the dermis contains the dermal papillae?
Which layer of the dermis contains the dermal papillae?
Which layer of the dermis consists of 80% of the thickness of the dermis?
Which layer of the dermis consists of 80% of the thickness of the dermis?
Name 3 important characteristics of the Dermis.
Name 3 important characteristics of the Dermis.
Where do the ridges in your fingers come from and why are they useful?
Where do the ridges in your fingers come from and why are they useful?
What do surgeons do during surgery to reduce scarring and improve healing?
What do surgeons do during surgery to reduce scarring and improve healing?
What are the two important reasons for having dermal papillae?
What are the two important reasons for having dermal papillae?
What are the four characteristics of the Hypodermis?
What are the four characteristics of the Hypodermis?
What happens inside our body as we get older that makes us colder?
What happens inside our body as we get older that makes us colder?
What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color?
What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color?
This pigment is the most important pigment.
This pigment is the most important pigment.
This pigment is yellowish and comes from carrots.
This pigment is yellowish and comes from carrots.
This pigment allows the crimson color of blood to show through the skin of lighter-skinned individuals.
This pigment allows the crimson color of blood to show through the skin of lighter-skinned individuals.
Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Comprised of skin, sweat/oil glands, hair, and nails.
- Skin is the largest organ of the body.
Skin Structure
- Two distinct layers:
- Epidermis: outermost layer made of epithelial tissue.
- Dermis: innermost layer made of connective tissue.
- Hypodermis lies deep to the dermis and is mainly composed of fat.
Skin Characteristics
- Thick skin is found on the soles of feet and palms of hands.
- The dermis contains two layers:
- Papillary: smaller layer.
- Reticular: larger layer.
Functions of the Skin and Hypodermis
- Cushions and insulates organs.
- Protects against physical damage, chemicals, heat, and cold.
- Acts as an excretory system and synthesizes Vitamin D.
- Houses sensory receptors associated with nerve endings.
Epidermal Cell Types
- Four main cell types:
- Keratinocytes: produce keratin and found in all layers.
- Melanocytes: produce skin color.
- Tactile epithelial cells: responsible for touch sensation.
- Dendritic cells: macrophages involved in immune response.
Epidermal Layers
- Five layers identified, with one unique to thick skin:
- Stratum Basale (deepest, actively dividing).
- Stratum Spinosum ("spiny" appearance with keratinocytes).
- Stratum Granulosum: contains keratin and lamellated granules.
- Stratum Lucidum: present only in thick skin, composed of dead keratinocytes.
- Stratum Corneum: most superficial, thick layer of dead keratinocytes.
Keratin and Keratinocytes
- Keratin: a tough protein crucial for skin toughness.
- Keratinocytes characteristics:
- Produce keratin and antibodies.
- Die and become squamous as they move to the surface from the nutrient-rich deep layer.
Melanin and Skin Color
- Melanin protects keratinocyte nuclei from UV damage.
- Correlation between melanin levels and skin color: more melanin results in darker skin.
Dermis Structure
- Comprises the papillary layer (contains dermal papillae) and reticular layer (80% of dermal thickness).
- Features include being strong, flexible, and richly supplied with vessels and nerves.
- Finger ridges originate from the dermis, enhancing grip.
Dermal Papillae
- Increase surface area for nutrient exchange and strengthen the bond between dermis and epidermis to prevent blisters.
Hypodermis Characteristics
- Deep to skin, acts as superficial fascia.
- Contains areolar and adipose connective tissues that anchor skin and provide insulation.
- Thinning of hypodermis with age leads to increased sensitivity to cold.
Skin Pigmentation
- Three pigments contributing to skin color:
- Melanin: most significant pigment.
- Carotene: yellowish, sourced from carrots.
- Hemoglobin: gives a crimson hue to lighter skin individuals.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the integumentary system with these flashcards. This quiz covers the essential elements like the skin, glands, and hair, along with their functions and layers. Perfect for students studying human anatomy.
