Biology Chapter 18: Integumentary System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

The skin is the largest _________________ in the human body.

organ

What substance gives the skin its color?

melanin

The skin covers and ____1_________the body, provides 2 through nerves, regulates body temperature, and prevents the loss of too much 3.

protects, sensation, water

What are the two basic layers of the skin?

<p>epidermis and dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are found in the skin that give the ability to feel and touch?

<p>receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the parts of the integumentary system.

<p>skin, hair, nails, oil glands, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue, nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

<p>protect internal organs from injury, protect the body against bacteria and other pathogens, prevent the loss of water, regulate body temperature, respond to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin cancer occurs normally as a person ages.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of fat and collagen increases with age.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin loses elasticity with age, causing wrinkles.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin becoming thinner and more fragile is a normal change of aging.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nail growth slows as a person ages.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brown spots may appear on the skin in areas exposed to the sun.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair becoming thicker is a normal change of aging.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis?

<p>inflammation of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Scabies?

<p>tiny mites that burrow into the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gangrene?

<p>death of tissue caused by a lack of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are warts caused by?

<p>a virus that invades the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psoriasis?

<p>chronic skin condition in which cells of the skin grow too fast, causing red, white, or silver patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fungal infections?

<p>commonly occur in moist areas, such as under the breasts and in groin areas; yeast is one type</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of burns are classified?

<p>superficial, partial-thickness, and full-thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes shingles?

<p>the same virus that causes chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulitis?

<p>an infection of the skin caused by bacteria moving deeper into the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is skin cancer?

<p>growth of abnormal skin cells; most serious form is malignant melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of wounds include abrasions, avulsions, incisions, lacerations, and punctures?

<p>wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does skin breakdown usually occur?

<p>at pressure points</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a bony prominence where pressure ulcers are likely to occur is?

<p>the heels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions commonly contribute to skin breakdown?

<p>moisture and being confined to bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first signs of skin breakdown are?

<p>pale or reddened skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a minimum, how frequently should nursing assistants help immobile residents to change position?

<p>every two hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warm and cold applications can be either moist or dry.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body responds to heat and cold in the same way.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warm applications close blood vessels, and cold applications open them.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant should always wear gloves when helping with a sitz bath.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moist applications are less likely to cause injury than dry applications.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residents with high temperatures may need to have a cooling or tepid sponge bath.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warm and cold applications should not be applied for more than 20 minutes at a time.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of heat?

<p>relieving pain and muscular tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of cold?

<p>stopping bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does moisture affect warm and cold applications?

<p>Moisture strengthens the effect of heat and cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true of sitz baths?

<p>sitz can cause the resident to feel weak and dizzy</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do open wounds increase the risk of infection?

<p>Because breaks in the skin are a way for bacteria and other microorganisms to enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are non-sterile dressings applied to wounds?

<p>to dry wounds that are less likely to become infected</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are sterile dressings applied to wounds?

<p>to a patient with a wound that is new, open, or draining and when there is a high risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three types of supplies that are considered sterile.

<p>sterile dressings, drapes, pads</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if any part of a sterile field becomes contaminated?

<p>If contaminated, the entire process must be re-started</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bony prominences?

<p>areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bruise?

<p>a purple, black, or blue discoloration on the skin caused by the leakage of blood from broken blood vessels into surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dermis layers?

<p>the inner layer of the two main layers of tissue that make up the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

<p>the outer layer of the two main layers of tissue that make up the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is integument?

<p>natural protective covering</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesion?

<p>an area of abnormal tissue or an injury or wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a melanocyte?

<p>cell in the skin that produces a dark brown pigment called melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necrosis?

<p>the death of living cells or tissues caused by disease or injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an open wound?

<p>a type of wound in which the skin's surface is not intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pressure points?

<p>areas of the body that bear much of its weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pressure ulcer?

<p>a serious wound resulting from skin breakdown; also known as pressure sore, decubitus ulcer, or bed sore</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tinea?

<p>a fungal infection that causes red, scaly patches to appear in a ring shape, generally on the upper body, or on the hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sitz bath?

<p>a warm soak of the perineal area to clean perineal wounds and reduce inflammation and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a wart?

<p>contagious hard bump caused by a virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulitis?

<p>a skin infection caused by bacteria moving into the tissues due to a break in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesion?

<p>an area of abnormal tissue or an injury or wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a closed wound?

<p>a type of wound in which the skin's surface is not broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System Overview

  • The skin is the largest organ in the human body.
  • Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin color.

Functions of the Skin

  • Protects the body from internal injuries and pathogens.
  • Provides sensation through nerve receptors.
  • Regulates body temperature.
  • Prevents excessive water loss.

Skin Structure

  • Composed of two main layers:
    • Epidermis: outer layer.
    • Dermis: inner layer.

Parts of the Integumentary System

  • Includes skin, hair, nails, oil glands, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue, and nerve endings.

Aging and Skin Changes

  • Skin loses elasticity with age, resulting in wrinkles.
  • Skin becomes thinner and more fragile as one ages.
  • Nail growth slows with age; brown spots may appear on sun-exposed areas.
  • Contrary to some beliefs, fat and collagen do not increase with age; hair typically does not become thicker.

Common Skin Conditions

  • Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin.
  • Scabies: Infestation by mites burrowing into the skin.
  • Gangrene: Tissue death due to lack of blood flow.
  • Warts: Hard bumps caused by viral infection.
  • Psoriasis: Chronic condition with rapid skin cell turnover, forming patches.
  • Fungal Infections: Often occur in moist areas, such as groin and under breasts.
  • Burns: Classified as superficial, partial-thickness, or full-thickness.
  • Shingles: Caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
  • Cellulitis: Skin infection from bacteria entering through breaks in the skin.

Wound Types

  • Types of wounds include abrasions, avulsions, incisions, lacerations, and punctures.
  • Open wounds have compromised skin integrity; closed wounds do not.

Pressure Points and Skin Breakdown

  • Skin breakdown often occurs at pressure points where bones are close to the skin.
  • Conditions contributing to skin breakdown include moisture and immobility.
  • Early signs of skin breakdown include pale or reddened skin.

Nursing Interventions

  • Nursing assistants should reposition immobile residents every two hours.
  • Warm and cold applications can be applied both moist and dry, but should not exceed 20 minutes.
  • Gloves must be worn when assisting with baths and treatment applications.

Infection Control

  • Non-sterile dressings are for dry, less risky wounds; sterile dressings for new or draining wounds.
  • If a sterile field becomes contaminated, the process must be restarted.

Key Definitions

  • Bony Prominences: Areas of the body with bones close to the skin, prone to pressure ulcers.
  • Lesion: Abnormal area of tissue or injury.
  • Necrosis: Death of living cells caused by disease or injury.

Treatment Applications

  • Sitz Bath: A warm soak for cleaning perineal areas and reducing inflammation.
  • Moisture Effects: Strengthens the impact of heat and cold in treatments.

These notes summarize the key elements of the integumentary system, its anatomy, functions, common issues, and care practices.

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Test your knowledge on the integumentary system with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as organ, melanin, and the functions of the skin. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.

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