Integumentary System 2 Flashcards

Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

• Located in the dermis with ducts terminating at pores or skin surface.
• Two types: Eccrine (Merocrine) and Apocrine Sweat Glands.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

• Most numerous glands in skin, totaling 3 to 4 million in adults.
• Concentrated in forehead, palms, and soles, with a secretory portion in the dermis.
• Produce 400-600 ml of watery perspiration daily, aiding in body cooling.

Myoepithelial Cells

• Can contract under sympathetic nervous system stimulation, pushing perspiration up the ducts.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

• Found in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, and bearded area in mature males.
• Ducts lead to hair follicles, producing thicker, fatty-acid-rich sweat that contributes to body odor.

Pheromones

• Chemical substances that affect the physiology and behavior of members within the same species.

Bromhidrosis

• Unpleasant body odor resulting from bacterial degradation of fatty acids in sweat.

Sweat Composition

• Originates as a protein-free filtrate of blood plasma.
• Contains potassium, urea, lactic acid, ammonia, and some sodium chloride; most sodium chloride is reabsorbed.
• Composed of approximately 99% water, with a pH range of 4 to 6.

Acid Mantle

• A protective barrier on the skin that inhibits bacterial growth.

Insensible Perspiration

• A process where about 500 mL of sweat per day is lost without visible wetness.

Diaphoresis

• Sweating that results in visible wetness of the skin; can result in a loss of 1 liter per hour during exercise.

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

• Produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized and prevents dryness.
• Located in the dermis; secretion is a combination of broken-down cells, replaced through mitosis.
• Associated with acne, an inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Lanolin

• The oily secretion (sebum) derived from sheep.

Ceruminous (Wax) Glands

• Located in the external ear canal, their secretions combine with sebum and dead cells to form earwax, which helps to keep the eardrum pliable and protects the ear canal.

Mammary Glands

• Specialized glands for milk production, developing mainly during pregnancy and lactation.
• Modifications of apocrine sweat glands with richer secretions released through ducts to the nipple.

Breasts (Mammae)

• Both sexes have minimal glandular tissue in breast structure.

Mammary Ridges (Milk Lines)

• Two rows of mammary glands in most mammals; in primates, only the anterior-most glands are retained.

Polythelia

• The condition where additional nipples develop along the milk line.

Fingernails and Toenails

• Composed of clear, hard structures derived from the stratum corneum made of dead cells packed with keratin.

Flat Nails

• Enable sensitive and fleshy fingertips; serve as tools for tasks like digging and grooming.

Nail Structure

• Nail Plate: The hard part of the nail.
• Free Edge: The portion that overhangs the fingertip.
• Nail Body: The visible, attached portion of the nail.
• Nail Root: Part of the nail extending under the skin.
• Nail Fold: Skin surrounding the nail, slightly above its surface.
• Nail Groove: The separation between the nail fold and nail plate.
• Nail Bed: The skin beneath the nail plate.
• Hyponychium: The epidermis of the nail bed.
• Nail Matrix: The growth zone at the proximal end of the nail responsible for nail growth, at roughly 1 mm per week for fingernails.

Lunule

• An opaque white crescent visible at the proximal end of the nail.

Eponychium (Cuticle)

• The narrow zone of dead skin that overlaps the edge of the nail.

Test your knowledge of the integumentary system with these flashcards. Focus on terms like sweat glands, their locations, and classifications. Perfect for students learning about skin anatomy and physiology.