Integumentary System 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands classified into?

Sebaceous Glands

Eccrine Sweat Glands (correct)

Lymphatic Glands

Apocrine Sweat Glands (correct)

Where are Eccrine Sweat Glands most numerous?

Forehead, palms, and soles

What is the primary role of Myoepithelial Cells?

Contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system

Apocrine Sweat Glands produce sweat that is watery and helps cool the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are Pheromones?

Chemicals that influence the physiology of behavior of other members of the species. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bromhidrosis?

Disagreeable body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average composition of sweat in terms of water percentage?

99% water Signup and view all the answers

What is Insensible Perspiration?

500 mL/day that does not produce visible wetness of skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is Diaphoresis?

Sweating with wetness of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Sebaceous (Oil) Glands?

Produce sebum to keep skin and hair from becoming dry. Signup and view all the answers

What does Lanolin refer to?

Sheep sebum. Signup and view all the answers

Where are Ceruminous (Wax) Glands found?

In the external ear canal. Signup and view all the answers

What are Mammary Glands?

Milk-producing glands that develop during pregnancy and lactation. Signup and view all the answers

Both sexes contain a significant amount of glandular material in breasts.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are Polythelia?

Additional nipples that may develop along the milk line. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nail Plate?

The hard part of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Free Edge of the nail?

Overhangs the fingertip. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Nail Matrix do?

Growth zone of thickened stratum basale. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lunule?

An opaque white crescent at the proximal end of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

What does Eponychium refer to?

Narrow zone of dead skin that overhangs the end of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

Located in the dermis with ducts terminating at pores or skin surface.
Two types: Eccrine (Merocrine) and Apocrine Sweat Glands.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Most numerous glands in skin, totaling 3 to 4 million in adults.
Concentrated in forehead, palms, and soles, with a secretory portion in the dermis.
Produce 400-600 ml of watery perspiration daily, aiding in body cooling.

Myoepithelial Cells

Can contract under sympathetic nervous system stimulation, pushing perspiration up the ducts.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Found in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, and bearded area in mature males.
Ducts lead to hair follicles, producing thicker, fatty-acid-rich sweat that contributes to body odor.

Pheromones

Chemical substances that affect the physiology and behavior of members within the same species.

Bromhidrosis

Unpleasant body odor resulting from bacterial degradation of fatty acids in sweat.

Sweat Composition

Originates as a protein-free filtrate of blood plasma.
Contains potassium, urea, lactic acid, ammonia, and some sodium chloride; most sodium chloride is reabsorbed.
Composed of approximately 99% water, with a pH range of 4 to 6.

Acid Mantle

A protective barrier on the skin that inhibits bacterial growth.

Insensible Perspiration

A process where about 500 mL of sweat per day is lost without visible wetness.

Diaphoresis

Sweating that results in visible wetness of the skin; can result in a loss of 1 liter per hour during exercise.

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

Produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized and prevents dryness.
Located in the dermis; secretion is a combination of broken-down cells, replaced through mitosis.
Associated with acne, an inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Lanolin

The oily secretion (sebum) derived from sheep.

Ceruminous (Wax) Glands

Located in the external ear canal, their secretions combine with sebum and dead cells to form earwax, which helps to keep the eardrum pliable and protects the ear canal.

Mammary Glands

Specialized glands for milk production, developing mainly during pregnancy and lactation.
Modifications of apocrine sweat glands with richer secretions released through ducts to the nipple.

Breasts (Mammae)

Both sexes have minimal glandular tissue in breast structure.

Mammary Ridges (Milk Lines)

Two rows of mammary glands in most mammals; in primates, only the anterior-most glands are retained.

Polythelia

The condition where additional nipples develop along the milk line.

Fingernails and Toenails

Composed of clear, hard structures derived from the stratum corneum made of dead cells packed with keratin.

Flat Nails

Enable sensitive and fleshy fingertips; serve as tools for tasks like digging and grooming.

Nail Structure

Nail Plate: The hard part of the nail.
Free Edge: The portion that overhangs the fingertip.
Nail Body: The visible, attached portion of the nail.
Nail Root: Part of the nail extending under the skin.
Nail Fold: Skin surrounding the nail, slightly above its surface.
Nail Groove: The separation between the nail fold and nail plate.
Nail Bed: The skin beneath the nail plate.
Hyponychium: The epidermis of the nail bed.
Nail Matrix: The growth zone at the proximal end of the nail responsible for nail growth, at roughly 1 mm per week for fingernails.

Lunule

An opaque white crescent visible at the proximal end of the nail.

Eponychium (Cuticle)

The narrow zone of dead skin that overlaps the edge of the nail.

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Test your knowledge of the integumentary system with these flashcards. Focus on terms like sweat glands, their locations, and classifications. Perfect for students learning about skin anatomy and physiology.