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Urinary System Functions and Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the collecting ducts in the nephron?

Production of aquaporin channel proteins
Regulation of water reabsorption (correct)
Secretion of hydrogen ions
Reabsorption of sodium ions

Which mechanism involves two or more substances moving in opposite directions across the membrane at the same time?

Active transport
Antiport (correct)
Symport
Facilitated diffusion

What is the significance of aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubule?

Promotes potassium secretion
Enhances sodium reabsorption (correct)
Increases calcium reabsorption
Stimulates chloride transport

How is glomerular filtration rate often estimated?

Evaluating creatinine levels in the urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when too much protein is pushed into the filtrate, leading to lower osmotic pressure in the circulating blood?

Increased water retention in tissues causing edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the descending loop of the nephron?

Reabsorption of a high amount of solutes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the kidney?

To maintain homeostatic balance of plasma and excrete potential toxins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula densa?

To measure sodium and flow rate in the distal convoluted tubule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fenestrations in the glomerular capillaries?

To prevent blood cells and large proteins from passing out of the glomerulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

To reabsorb water and solutes back into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the renal hilum?

To allow entry and exit of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

To increase the osmotic gradient for efficient water reabsorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

To secrete renin in response to changes in blood pressure and fluid balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

To measure sodium and flow rate to regulate renin release (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

To filter blood and form the initial filtrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the nephron?

To form a network of capillaries around the nephron for further reabsorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

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