Cervical Cancer Diagnosis and Management

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Questions and Answers

What clinical feature is associated with invasive cervical cancer?

Frequent urination

Increased menstrual flow

Unexpected vaginal bleeding (correct)

Unexplained weight loss

What is a characteristic feature of tumors causing a barrel cervix?

Cervical length increases

Widening of cervical diameter beyond 4cm (correct)

Surface ulceration

Calcifications within the tissue

Which diagnostic technique involves identifying atypical cells?

Direct immunofluorescence

Co-testing (correct)

Molecular stains - Single stains

Histopathological examination

What type of metastasis risk correlates with cervical cancer tumors of 3mm?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that cancer has extended into the parametrial soft tissues?

Affixing of the uterus to pelvic structures Signup and view all the answers

What color indicates maturity in squamous cells?

Red to pink Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL)?

Progressive atypia in all layers Signup and view all the answers

What does diffuse positivity with p16 indicate in cervical lesions?

Surrogate marker for high risk HPV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is essential for diagnosing HPV cervical infection?

PAP smear test Signup and view all the answers

What does dual-stain testing identify in Pap test samples?

Presence of two proteins: p16 and Ki-67 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the HPV test is correct?

It uses PCR to amplify viral DNA fragments. Signup and view all the answers

What marker is used to identify cell activity in cervical lesions?

Ki-67 Signup and view all the answers

What significance does koilocytotic atypia have in squamous cells?

It suggests low-grade lesions. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typical of a hydatidiform mole?

Presence of cystic swelling resembling a bunch of grapes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key histopathological feature of a complete hydatidiform mole?

Enlargement of avascular chorionic villi Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of hydatidiform moles is known to be compatible with embryogenesis?

Partial hydatidiform mole Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'invasive hydatidiform mole' refer to?

A mole that penetrates into the uterine walls Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a feature observed in molar pregnancies?

Presence of calcified tumors Signup and view all the answers

In the evaluation of gestational trophoblastic disease, which diagnostic technique is often used?

Ultrasound imaging Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following closely resembles the diagnostic features of a hydatidiform mole?

Choriocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing surgical curettage in cases of hydatidiform mole?

To prevent further trophoblastic disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atypical Cells and Diagnosis

Co-testing for cervical cancer includes the identification of atypical cells.
Dual staining (p16 and Ki-67) is a novel approach using molecular stains to detect high-risk HPV.
p16 positivity serves as a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV presence.

Cervical Malignancy

Invasive cervical cancers present with unexpected vaginal bleeding, leukorrhea, painful coitus (dyspareunia), or dysuria.
Palpation reveals tumor encirclement of the cervix, leading to a barrel-shaped cervix and cervical diameter widening beyond 4 cm.
Tumors may invade parametrial soft tissues, leading to pelvic lymph node involvement and uterine fixation to surrounding structures.

Metastasis Risk

The risk of metastasis to the bladder is significant; tumors greater than 3 mm have a 10% chance.
Features include a barrel-shaped cervix with heterogeneous invasion into the parametrium.

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL)

Spectrum of SIL includes:
- Low-grade SIL (LSIL) with koilocytotic atypia.
- High-grade SIL (HSIL) with progressive atypia in all epithelial layers.
- HSIL with diffuse atypia and loss of maturation, indicating carcinoma in situ.

Hydatidiform Mole

Defined by voluminous, cystic swelling resembling grape-like structures.
Molar lesions categorized as:
- Complete Moles: Not compatible with embryogenesis; seldom contain fetal parts.
- Partial Moles: Compatible with embryogenesis; may contain fetal parts.
- Invasive Moles: Complete moles that invade uterine walls.

Key Histopathological Findings

Increased trophoblast proliferation is noted in histopathological examination of hydatidiform moles.
Enlargement and avascularity of chorionic villi are significant findings, along with formation of cisterns.

Diagnostic Procedures

Pap tests and HPV tests are utilized for cervical cancer screening.
HPV test amplifies viral DNA via PCR, while Pap smear detects cellular abnormalities.
Surgical curettage may be performed for histopathological examination to remove foreign contents.

Self-Assessment in Histopathology

Comparative evaluation of breast cancer tissues highlights features of invasive ductal carcinoma and calcification present within specific samples.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer, particularly the identification of atypical cells and the significance of dual staining techniques in assessing HPV. It covers symptoms of cervical malignancy, risk factors for metastasis, and details regarding squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).