Cephalization and Nervous System Diversity
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

  • To prevent the leakage of molecules into the central nervous system (correct)
  • To enhance the speed of conduction in the nervous system
  • To regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
  • To circulate nutrients and remove debris in the brain

    • What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

  • Enhancing conduction speed and aiding in regeneration of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (correct)
  • Regulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid
  • Transporting nutrients and debris in the brain
  • Maintaining and removing debris in the brain

    • What characterizes the dorsal and ventral horns and roots in the vertebrate nervous system?

  • Dorsal roots contain axons of efferent neurons, while ventral roots contain axons of afferent neurons
  • Dorsal horns have cell bodies on the inside, while ventral horns have cell bodies on the outside
  • Dorsal horns contain myelinated axons, while ventral horns contain unmyelinated axons
  • Dorsal horns are responsible for afferent functions, while ventral horns are responsible for efferent functions (correct)

    • What is the main structural similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

    <p>Two neurons in series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is predominantly used in the synapses of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the parasympathetic nervous system's anatomical organization?

    <p>Cranial and Sacral regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating visual, auditory, and sensory information, and acts as a connector between the forebrain and hindbrain?

    <p>Mesencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily involved in homeostatic regulation, autonomic regulation, hormone cascades, and emotion control?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is responsible for the complex integration of information?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of astrocytes in the vertebrate nervous system?

    <p>Transport of nutrients and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the meninges in the central nervous system?

    <p>Protection and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve contains axons of both afferent and efferent neurons?

    <p>Mixed nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the nervous system of radially symmetric animals, such as jellyfish and anemones?

    <p>Neurons are not specialized and can function as sensory, interneurons, or efferent neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ganglia in the nervous system of more complex cnidarians?

    <p>They serve as small independent integrating centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of connectives and commissures in segmented, bilaterally symmetrical animals?

    <p>To establish connections between ganglia for more rapid impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain is greatly reduced in mammals but big in bony fish and birds?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for the processing of information and has two hemispheres that are functionally unique?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cortex' refer to in the context of the human cerebral cortex?

    <p>Outer layer of the cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the human cerebral cortex?

    <p>Processing of information and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes echinoderms in terms of their nervous system?

    <p>They are descended from a bilaterally symmetrical ancestor and show some cephalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the white matter from the gray matter in the vertebrate central nervous system?

    <p>White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains cell bodies and dendrites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of astrocytes in the vertebrate nervous system?

    <p>Transport of nutrients, debris, and neuroinflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the nervous system of radially symmetric animals, such as jellyfish and anemones?

    <p>Little preference for conductance direction in neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ganglia in the nervous system of more complex cnidarians?

    <p>They are responsible for coordinating rapid transmission between ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the meninges in the central nervous system?

    <p>Supporting and protecting the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the hindbrain?

    <p>Basic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating visual, auditory, and sensory information, and acts as a connector between the forebrain and hindbrain?

    <p>Mesencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the diencephalon in the vertebrate brain?

    <p>Integrate and relay sensory information to cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the telencephalon (Cerebral Cortex) in the vertebrate brain?

    <p>Complex integration of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

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