111 Questions
What is the purpose of maintaining the muco-protective layer of the stomach?
To prevent peptic ulcer
Why is it important to maintain the patency of ductus arteriosus in a fetus?
Because the lungs are nonfunctioning
What is the function of thromboxane?
To increase platelet aggregation
What is the function of prostacyclin?
To decrease platelet aggregation
What is the therapeutic use of Aspirin-like drugs in Dysmenorrhea?
To relieve menstrual cramps
What is the side effect of Aspirin-like drugs on the gastrointestinal system?
They can induce gastric or intestinal ulcerations
Why are Aspirin-like drugs not recommended in pregnant women?
Because their use is not recommended during pregnancy
What is the difference between Aspirin-like drugs and Paracetamol?
Aspirin-like drugs are analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory, while Paracetamol is only analgesic and antipyretic
Which type of analgesic drugs relieve pain by acting on the Thalamus, without producing Euphoria or Drowsiness?
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs
What is the main function of COX-1 enzyme?
Forming protective Prostaglandins in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Kidney
Which type of analgesic drugs can relieve any type of pain, including Itching?
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesic drugs
What is the result of stimulating Phospholipase A2?
Release of Arachidonic Acid
Why should Aspirin be discontinued before labour?
To prevent prolonged labour and postpartum hemorrhage
What is the primary function of Prostaglandins synthesized by COX-2?
Inducing pain and fever
Which type of analgesic drugs can produce Euphoria and Addiction?
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesic drugs
What is the safest Analgesic Antipyretic?
Paracetamol
What is the primary function of COX-3 enzyme?
Centrally, in the brain
What is the mechanism of action of Non-selective COX Inhibitors?
They inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2
What is the result of Prostaglandins contracting the Uterus?
Dysmenorrhea
Why should NSAIDs be avoided in the first 3 months and last 2 weeks of pregnancy?
All of the above
What is the classification of Celecoxib?
Selective COX-2 Inhibitor
What is the chemical derivative of Salicylic Acid?
Aspirin
What is the action of Salicylic Acid?
Keratolytic, Antifungal and Antiseptic
How is Aspirin excreted in the urine?
By alkaline urine
What is the mechanism of analgesic action of methyl salicylate?
Inhibiting Prostaglandin synthesis through COX enzyme
What is the effect of large doses of salicylate on body temperature?
Hyperthermia
What is the effect of small doses of salicylate on uric acid secretion?
Decreases uric acid secretion
Why are aspirin and salicylates contraindicated in gout patients?
They increase uric acid secretion
What is the effect of large doses of methyl salicylate on respiratory centre?
Stimulates respiratory centre
What is the effect of small doses of aspirin on platelet aggregation?
Decreases platelet aggregation
What is the effect of methyl salicylate on gastrointestinal tract?
Irritates the stomach mucosa
In which patients do salicylates produce haemolytic anaemia?
In patients with G-6-PD deficiency
What is the effect of Aspirin-like drugs on patients with bronchial asthma?
It can precipitate an attack of asthma.
What is a possible side effect of using Aspirin-like drugs in children with viral infections?
Reye's Syndrome
What is a potential interaction between Aspirin-like drugs and Ammonium Chloride?
Ammonium Chloride enhances the toxicity of Aspirin-like drugs.
What is the relative potency of Ibuprofen compared to Aspirin?
20 times more potent
What is a possible side effect of chronic use of Aspirin-like drugs?
Salicylism
What is the effect of Aspirin-like drugs on blood clotting?
It decreases blood clotting
What is the effect of NaHCO3 on Aspirin-like drugs?
It increases the excretion of Aspirin-like drugs
What is the relative potency of Diclofenac compared to Ibuprofen?
Diclofenac is stronger than Ibuprofen
What is the effect of salicylates on patients with G-6-PD deficiency?
Haemolytic anaemia
What is the result of prolonged use of salicylates?
Hypoprothrombinaemia
What is the contraindication of salicylates in children with viral infections?
Reye's syndrome
What is the interaction between salicylates and ammonium chloride?
Enhances toxicity
What is the effect of salicylates on cyclooxygenase pathway?
Blocks cyclooxygenase pathway
What is the effect of salicylates on platelet aggregation?
Inhibits platelet aggregation
What is the effect of salicylates on gastrointestinal tract?
Increases bleeding risk
What is the effect of sodium bicarbonate on salicylates?
Increases renal excretion
What is the effect of chronic use of salicylates?
Salicylism
What is the contraindication of salicylates in patients with peptic ulcer?
Increases bleeding risk
What is the primary function of Prostaglandins in the COX-2 pathway?
Release only during Injury
What is the action of Thromboxane in the COX-1 pathway?
Increase Platelet Aggregation
What is the primary function of Prostacyclin in the COX-2 pathway?
Decrease Platelet Aggregation
What is the effect of Aspirin-like drugs on Platelet Aggregation?
Decrease Platelet Aggregation
What is the effect of Aspirin-like drugs on Platelet function?
Can affect Platelet function and be used as Antithrombotic
What is the contraindication of Aspirin-like drugs?
All of the above
What is the function of COX-1 enzyme?
synthesize Thromboxane
What is the use of Aspirin-like drugs?
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory
What is the effect of Aspirin-like drugs on patients with bronchial asthma?
May induce Bronchospasm, Urticaria in Susceptible patients
What is the primary function of COX-1 enzyme?
To form protective Prostaglandins in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Kidney
Which type of analgesic drugs can relieve low intensity pain, such as headaches, neuralgia, and myalgia?
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs
What is the result of Prostaglandins contracting the Uterus?
Dysmenorrhea
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of Prostaglandins?
Cyclo-Oxygenase Enzyme (COX)
What is the effect of NSAIDs on Cyclo-Oxygenase (COX) Enzyme?
Inhibition of COX Enzyme
Which of the following drugs is the safest Analgesic Antipyretic?
Paracetamol
What is the function of Prostaglandins synthesized by COX-2?
Inducing pain, fever, and inflammation
Why should Aspirin be discontinued before labour?
To prevent postpartum hemorrhage and intrauterine closure of ductus arteriosus
What is the primary function of COX-3 enzyme?
Centrally acting on the Brain
What is the mechanism of action of Non-selective COX Inhibitors?
Inhibit COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3
Which type of analgesic drugs can produce Euphoria and Addiction?
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesic drugs
What is the effect of binding of NSAIDs to Plasma Protein (Albumin)?
Displace other drugs, inducing serious drug interactions
Why should drugs be avoided in the first 3 months and last 2 weeks of pregnancy?
To prevent birth malformations and premature closure of ductus arteriosus
What is the classification of Celecoxib?
Selective COX-2 Inhibitor
What is the effect of Salicylic Acid?
Keratolytic, antibacterial, and antifungal
How is Aspirin excreted in the urine?
Through alkaline urine
What is the action of methyl salicylate on the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Analgesic action by inhibiting Prostaglandin synthesis
What is the effect of large doses of salicylate on body temperature?
Hyperthermia
What is the effect of small doses of salicylate on uric acid secretion?
Decreases uric acid secretion
Why are aspirin and salicylates contraindicated in gout patients?
Increases risk of gout attacks
What is the effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation?
Decreases platelet aggregation
What is the effect of large doses of methyl salicylate on the respiratory centre?
Increases respiratory alkalosis
What is the effect of salicylates on gastrointestinal tract?
Irritates the stomach
What is the effect of large doses of salicylate on blood clotting?
Decreases blood clotting
What is the effect of salicylates on renal blood flow?
Decrease renal blood flow
Why should sodium salicylate be given enteric coated?
To avoid gastric irritation
What is the local use of salicylic acid?
As a fungistatic
What is a possible side effect of using salicylates?
Gastric irritation
What is the systemic use of aspirin?
As an analgesic and antipyretic
What is the effect of aspirin toxicity on oxidative phosphorylation?
Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
What is the effect of respiratory alkalosis on kidney function?
Increases bicarbonate excretion
What is the effect of aspirin toxicity on the respiratory centre?
Stimulates it
What is the effect of salicylates on patients with bronchial asthma?
Precipitate an attack of asthma
What is the side effect of chronic use of salicylates?
Salicylism
Why are salicylates contraindicated in children with viral infections?
Because they can increase the risk of Reye's Syndrome
What is the effect of salicylates on patients with G-6-PD deficiency?
They can produce haemolytic anaemia
What is the interaction between salicylates and Ammonium Chloride?
Ammonium Chloride enhances the toxicity of salicylates
What is the effect of sodium bicarbonate on salicylates?
It increases the renal excretion of salicylates
What is the effect of chronic use of salicylates on blood clotting?
It increases the risk of bleeding
What is the interaction between salicylates and Glucocorticoids?
Glucocorticoids increase the gastrointestinal tract bleeding caused by salicylates
What is the contraindication of salicylates in pregnancy?
Early and late pregnancy
What is the effect of indomethacin compared to aspirin?
It has a stronger anti-inflammatory effect, but with more serious side effects
What is the primary mechanism of action of Piroxicam?
Inhibition of COX-2 isoenzyme
What is the main advantage of COX-2 selective inhibitors over non-selective COX inhibitors?
Fewer gastrointestinal side effects
Why is Paracetamol considered a safe analgesic during pregnancy?
It has no effect on platelet function
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of Paracetamol?
4 g/day
What is the antidote for Paracetamol toxicity?
Acetyl Cysteine
What is the effect of Paracetamol on prostaglandin synthesis?
It decreases prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system
What is the effect of large doses of Paracetamol on the liver and kidneys?
It causes both hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Why is Paracetamol preferred over Aspirin-like drugs in certain patients?
It has fewer gastrointestinal side effects
What is the mechanism of action of Paracetamol?
Decrease in prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
What is the main difference between Paracetamol and other NSAIDs?
It has no anti-inflammatory effect
This quiz covers the classification and characteristics of central analgesic drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesic drugs. Learn about their mechanisms of action, effects, and uses. Test your knowledge of pain relief medications!
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