Cellulitis and Soft Tissue Infections Quiz

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group A streptococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An acute streptococcal infection with well-defined edges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can mask symptoms of necrotising fasciitis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To quickly achieve bactericidal concentrations in the affected tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clindamycin and ciprofloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group 3 (6 points) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antibiotic active against anaerobes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erysipelas typically presents with a raised, red rash. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synergistic gangrene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical excision of the ulcerated lesion is often necessary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of black necrotic tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purplish-black affected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delay in diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of prophylactic antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by anaerobic infection of muscle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The face, arms, fingers, legs, and toes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a sharply demarcated raised edge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High fevers and shaking chills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteremia leading to septic shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation of antistreptolysin O titers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in chronic swelling (lymphedema) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If remaining viable muscles are insufficient for useful function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always fatal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intense pain at the site of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin grafting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need for debridement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within hours to six days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria release toxins leading to tissue dissolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of the deeper layers of skin, often affecting the face or lower legs. It's caused by bacteria like Group A streptococcus, which enter through skin cracks or breaks.

Factors that increase the risk of developing cellulitis, for example, skin cracks, cuts, burns, insect bites, or weak immune systems.

Cellulitis is often diagnosed based on symptoms and appearance. Swabs may not always show the specific bacteria. Blood cultures are usually positive only if there is sepsis.

Treating cellulitis involves rest, wound cleaning if present, and antibiotics. Severe cases might require hospitalisation and intravenous antibiotics.

A superficial skin infection caused by a type of bacteria called Group A streptococcus, affecting the upper layer of the skin, causing redness and swelling with a clear border.

People more likely to get Erysipelas are the elderly, infants, those with weak immune systems, diabetes, or lymphatic drainage issues.

Erysipelas and cellulitis often look similar, making it difficult to distinguish between the two.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection that can spread rapidly and destroy tissue. It requires urgent surgical attention, with immediate antibiotics and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

A bacterial skin infection, typically caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, characterized by a sharply defined, raised, red, swollen, and painful rash.

A serious complication of erysipelas where the infection spreads to deeper tissues, causing tissue death.

High fever, chills, fatigue, headache, vomiting, and rapid enlargement of the inflamed skin lesion.

The skin lesion in erysipelas has a distinct raised edge, resembling an orange peel.

Antibiotics like penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, or cephalosporins are used to treat erysipelas.

Erysipelas can recur in 18-30% of cases, even after treatment.

Erysipelas most commonly affects the face (especially around the eyes, ears, and cheeks), arms, fingers, legs, and toes.

Erysipelas can be distinguished from cellulitis by its raised advancing edges and sharp borders.

Synergistic gangrene is a type of chronic bacterial infection caused by the combined action of streptococci and staphylococci, leading to progressive ulceration.

Clostridium perfringens bacteria infect muscle tissue in the presence of dead muscle, releasing toxins that destroy tissue and blood cells.

Gas gangrene is a severe, rapidly spreading infection of muscle tissue caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria, producing toxins that destroy tissue.

The affected muscles in Gas gangrene turn red and friable, then progress to purplish black, swelling and releasing a brownish, malodorous fluid.

The diagnosis of Gas gangrene is based on clinical findings and the presence of large, Gram-positive rods in wound fluid, delaying diagnosis significantly increases mortality.

Prophylactic antibiotics are sometimes used after clearing the initial condition to prevent reinfection.

A combination of antibiotics is crucial for necrotizing fasciitis because it targets a wide range of bacteria, including both aerobes and anaerobes.

Penicillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin are commonly used to treat necrotizing fasciitis. These drugs work by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.

The mortality rate of Necrotizing Fasciitis is high, reaching 73% if left untreated.

A clinical score helps assess the risk of death in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. Factors like heart rate, temperature, kidney function, age, and blood count are important.

A mix of bacteria, often including streptococci and staphylococci, causes necrotizing fasciitis, with peptostreptococci contributing a significant role.

The infection attacks the connective tissue (fascia) beneath the skin, rapidly spreading and destroying tissue.

Intense pain at the infection site is a key symptom, often developing rapidly alongside swelling even in the early stages.

Aggressive surgical debridement (removal of infected tissue) is crucial, often involving fascia excision, leaving large wounds needing skin grafts.

In cases where remaining muscle is insufficient for function after debridement, amputation may be necessary to stop infection spread.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (increased oxygen pressure) can sometimes reduce the need for debridement, but must not delay surgical intervention.

Untreated Necrotizing Fasciitis is always fatal, and even with treatment, the mortality rate is high (25-40%).