Cellular Response to Stress and Adaptation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of disease known as?

Pathogenesis

Cellular Pathology

Etiology

Pathology (correct)

What are the causes of diseases known as?

Pathogenesis

Pathology

Etiologic factors (correct)

Morphologic changes

What is the macroscopic appearance of structural alterations caused by a disease called?

Gross appearance (correct)

Symptoms

Functional derangements

Histologic appearance

What are the changes seen by an armed eye called?

Histologic appearance Signup and view all the answers

What type of metaplasia is associated with Barrett esophagus?

Intestinal metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of urolithiasis leading to obstruction of urinary flow?

Hydronephrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by severe caloric deficiency and generalized atrophy?

Marasmus Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of denervation due to peripheral nerve damage?

Skeletal muscle atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of metaplasia?

To withstand harmful stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of raised intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus?

Brain atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What type of atrophy is associated with severe protein-caloric deficiency and hypoalbuminemia?

Generalized edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of immobilization following a bone fracture?

Skeletal muscle atrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular response involves a decrease in cell size or number?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have varying mitotic activity and adaptive potential?

Labile cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypertrophy occurs in the skeletal muscles of athletes?

Physiologic hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What can result from excessive hormonal stimulation or viral infections?

Pathologic hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which response involves an increase in cell size?

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of pathologic hypertrophy?

Myocardium during hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What type of hyperplasia can be hormone-induced, like in the female breast during pregnancy?

Physiologic hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What involves the activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways?

Mechanical-demand-induced hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

When does atrophy occur in response to decreased protein synthesis, increased degradation, or chronic ischemia?

Due to chronic ischemia or metabolic abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?

Skeletal muscles of athletes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have low mitotic activity but can regenerate under appropriate conditions?

Stable cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of adaptive response includes distinct characteristics and examples like hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia?

Cellular adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Response to Stress and Adaptive Potential

The content and learning objectives focus on the cellular response to stress and the characteristics of adaptive responses.
Cells maintain homeostasis and can undergo adaptation or injury when exposed to stimuli.
Adaptive responses include hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia, each with distinct characteristics and examples.
Different cell types have varying mitotic activity and adaptive potential, classified as labile, stable, or permanent cells.
Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number, occurring in different cell types.
Physiologic hypertrophy can result from increased mechanical demand, such as in skeletal muscles of athletes or the myocardium during pregnancy.
Pathologic hypertrophy occurs due to increased mechanical demand from pathological processes, like in the myocardium during hypertension.
Mechanisms of mechanical-demand-induced hypertrophy involve the activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways.
Physiologic hyperplasia can be hormone-induced, like in the female breast during pregnancy, while pathologic hyperplasia can result from excessive hormonal stimulation or viral infections.
Atrophy involves a decrease in cell size or number and occurs in response to decreased protein synthesis, increased degradation, or chronic ischemia.
Examples of atrophy include embryonic structures during fetal development, myometrium after delivery, and organ atrophy due to chronic ischemia or metabolic abnormalities.
Overall, the content provides a detailed understanding of the cellular response to stress and the various adaptive responses in different cell types.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the cellular response to stress and adaptive potential with this quiz. Explore concepts such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia, and learn about the characteristics and examples of these adaptive responses in different cell types. Understand the mechanisms and factors influencing cellular adaptation and injury when exposed to stimuli, and gain insights into the mitotic activity and adaptive potential of labile, stable, and permanent cells.