Chapter 2: Cellular Response to Stress, Injury, and Aging Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone can increase blood glucose levels by inhibiting uptake of glucose by body cells?

  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
  • Epinephrine
  • In which tissues does cortisol have catabolic effects?

  • Skin and bone
  • Muscle, lymphoid tissue, and adipose tissue (correct)
  • Brain and heart
  • Liver and kidneys
  • What is the role of cortisol in protein metabolism?

  • It increases the rate of protein synthesis in liver (correct)
  • It enhances protein synthesis in muscle cells
  • It increases RNA production in muscle tissue
  • It inhibits protein synthesis in the liver
  • How does cortisol act as an immunosuppressant?

    <p>By reducing eosinophil, lymphocytes, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for the release of cortisol in response to stress?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can extreme physiologic stressors affect an individual?

    <p>Increase risk for illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of cellular injury when a cell is unable to maintain homeostasis in the face of injurious stimuli?

    <p>Cell may recover (reversible injury)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as an injurious stimuli that can lead to cellular injury?

    <p>Excessive heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adaptation in cellular function?

    <p>Adaptation helps cells protect themselves from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy released when a mole of glucose is metabolically broken down in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide and water?

    <p>$686$ kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early stages of a successful adaptive response, what might cells experience?

    <p>Enhanced function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cells need to do in order to protect themselves from injury?

    <p>Adapt to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is defined as a demand that exceeds a person’s coping abilities, resulting in disturbances of cognition, emotion, and behavior?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 stages of stress development in GAS, as defined by Hans Selye?

    <p>Alarm, Stage of Resistance or Adaptation, Stage of Exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During stress, which of the following is suppressed?

    <p>Reproduction, growth, and thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland activates during stress due to ACTH and increases the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary effects of cortisol during stress?

    <p>Stimulation of gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is known as hydrocortisone and is primarily secreted by the adrenal cortex during stress?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another (less mature) cell type?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptive change is characterized by an increase in cell number?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of pathologic hyperplasia described in the text?

    <p>Endometrial cells proliferation due to estrogen over-secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant biochemical theme in understanding cell injury and cell death?

    <p>ATP depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of cellular injury according to the text?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ enlarges in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Left Ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within 1 minute after blood supply is interrupted, what happens to heart muscle according to the text?

    <p>It becomes pale and has difficulty contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Chest Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change is observed in cellular aging related to mitochondria?

    <p>Reduced oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximal life span range for humans according to the text?

    <p>90-100 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After age 65, which gender typically outnumbers the other in terms of life expectancy?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of study suggests changes produced by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors in aging?

    <p>Cellular changes produced by genetics only</p> Signup and view all the answers

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