Cellular Metabolism and ATP Regeneration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the process that can happen on its own, without input of external energy?

Catabolism

Anabolism

Bioenergetics

Spontaneous work (correct)

Which process literally means 'building up', producing more complex molecules from simpler molecules?

Catabolism

Spontaneous work

Anabolism (correct)

Metabolism

What does catabolism literally mean and involve?

Breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules (correct)

Building up complex molecules from simpler molecules

Producing energy for cellular work

Releasing potential energy

What is the sum of the biochemical/metabolic/cellular reactions of an organism or cell?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of high energy electrons (HEEs) in the context of cellular respiration?

To be extracted from C-H and C-C bonds and donated to electron acceptors/carriers for performing work Signup and view all the answers

What represents the loss of electrons in the context of cellular respiration?

Oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the reduction of NAD+ during the citric acid cycle?

Malate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of FADH2 in cellular respiration?

To represent CPE and be used to perform work Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall function of the respiratory electron transport chain?

To pump H+s across the inner mitochondrial membrane and generate a Δ[H+] Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the linker reaction that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What represents the majority of the chemical potential energy (CPE) of glucose in cellular respiration?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

To regenerate ATP using the CPE of the Δ[H+] Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of H+s in the context of oxidative phosphorylation?

Constitute the Δ[H+] across the mitochondrial inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reduction of NAD+?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of high energy electrons in compounds that can be combusted in the presence of O2?

To be used in combustion reactions and release energy in small increments Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of the citric acid cycle in the cell?

Mitochondrial matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the portion of a system's energy that can be used to perform work?

Gibbs Free Energy (G) Signup and view all the answers

Which measure indicates disorder and randomness in a system?

Entropy Signup and view all the answers

What determines if a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

Free Energy Change (ΔG) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is considered the energy currency of a cell?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction is commonly used to drive forward nonspontaneous reactions in cells?

ATP hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved?

First law Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases in energy transformations?

Second law Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins that catalyze reactions known as?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which biochemical pathway involves sequential reactions catalyzed by unique enzymes?

Citric Acid Cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular analogy for ATP in the context of energy?

Electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the eventual fate of all energy in a system?

Conversion into heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cellular work analogized to in the context of cellular energy?

Making toast Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP hydrolysis in cellular metabolism?

To minimize energy wastage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

To catalyze reactions and show specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common regulatory mode for enzymes in metabolism?

Feedback inhibition by the end-product Signup and view all the answers

Which process is fundamental for ATP regeneration in cellular metabolism?

Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR) Signup and view all the answers

What represents chemical potential energy and is catabolized in ACR to regenerate ATP?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is a waste product of Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR)?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is the major ATP regeneration process in the presence of O2?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activation energy (EA) in biochemical reactions?

To act as a barrier to reactions and can be overcome by adding heat or using enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the transition state of spontaneous reactions?

It has an unstable transition state with high Gibbs energy Signup and view all the answers

What effect do catalysts like enzymes have on activation energy (EA)?

Lower the EA, enabling spontaneous reactions to occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

To provide energy for cellular processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory electron transport chain in ATP regeneration?

To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Metabolism and ATP Regeneration

ATP hydrolysis is a coupling reaction to minimize energy wastage
Spontaneous reactions have an unstable transition state with high Gibbs energy
Activation energy (EA) is a barrier to reactions and can be overcome by adding heat or using enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions and show specificity
Catalysts such as enzymes lower the EA, enabling spontaneous reactions to occur
Enzymes control metabolism and can be up-regulated or down-regulated
Feedback inhibition by the end-product is a common regulatory mode for enzymes
Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR) is a fundamental process for ATP regeneration
ACR involves glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase
Glucose represents chemical potential energy and is catabolized in ACR to regenerate ATP
CO2 is a waste product of ACR and is formed from the catabolism of glucose
ATP regeneration in ACR occurs through substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, with the latter being the major mechanism in the presence of O2

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Description

Test your knowledge of cellular metabolism and ATP regeneration with this quiz. Explore concepts such as ATP hydrolysis, enzymes, aerobic cellular respiration, and the processes involved in ATP regeneration. Assess your understanding of feedback inhibition, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and more.