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Questions and Answers
What type of transport moves molecules from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient and requires energy?
What type of transport moves molecules from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient and requires energy?
All forms of passive transport require energy to move molecules.
All forms of passive transport require energy to move molecules.
False (B)
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?
To maintain proper cell function by moving sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients.
In osmosis, water moves from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration.
In osmosis, water moves from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration.
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Match the type of transport with its description:
Match the type of transport with its description:
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Which process requires a transport protein?
Which process requires a transport protein?
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A hypertonic solution causes a cell to swell due to water influx.
A hypertonic solution causes a cell to swell due to water influx.
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Explain why both passive and active transport are necessary for maintaining homeostasis.
Explain why both passive and active transport are necessary for maintaining homeostasis.
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Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?
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During the M phase, two genetically identical daughter cells are synthesized.
During the M phase, two genetically identical daughter cells are synthesized.
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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Cancer and tumors are caused by _ cell division, leading to rapid growth.
Cancer and tumors are caused by _ cell division, leading to rapid growth.
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Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:
Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:
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Why is the cell cycle important for living organisms?
Why is the cell cycle important for living organisms?
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Energy is conserved during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Energy is conserved during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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During _ phase of the cell cycle, cells undergo nuclear division.
During _ phase of the cell cycle, cells undergo nuclear division.
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What type of RNA carries the instruction of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome?
What type of RNA carries the instruction of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome?
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All genes are always expressed in an organism's body.
All genes are always expressed in an organism's body.
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What part of the DNA codes for our inherited traits?
What part of the DNA codes for our inherited traits?
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The ______ changes the shape of a protein that helps turn on the gene in response to environmental factors.
The ______ changes the shape of a protein that helps turn on the gene in response to environmental factors.
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Which of the following explains how pH affects gene expression?
Which of the following explains how pH affects gene expression?
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Cell differentiation is a random process and is never influenced by environmental factors.
Cell differentiation is a random process and is never influenced by environmental factors.
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During cell differentiation, certain genes are ______ or off, leading to specific structure and function.
During cell differentiation, certain genes are ______ or off, leading to specific structure and function.
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Match the following components of protein synthesis with their roles:
Match the following components of protein synthesis with their roles:
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Which organelle is primarily involved in lipid production and what is its main function?
Which organelle is primarily involved in lipid production and what is its main function?
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Enzymes can be denatured by extreme temperatures or pH.
Enzymes can be denatured by extreme temperatures or pH.
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What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?
What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?
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The smooth ER membrane protein transports large molecules across the ______.
The smooth ER membrane protein transports large molecules across the ______.
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Match the following biomolecules with their primary functions:
Match the following biomolecules with their primary functions:
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Which of the following processes stores chemical energy as glucose?
Which of the following processes stores chemical energy as glucose?
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Which statement about viruses is true?
Which statement about viruses is true?
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Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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Cells and viruses both contain ribosomes.
Cells and viruses both contain ribosomes.
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Complex carbohydrates are primarily used for ______.
Complex carbohydrates are primarily used for ______.
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What do plants produce during photosynthesis that is essential for cellular respiration in other organisms?
What do plants produce during photosynthesis that is essential for cellular respiration in other organisms?
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In cellular respiration, organisms use ________ to release energy from glucose.
In cellular respiration, organisms use ________ to release energy from glucose.
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Which scenario correctly describes the flow of energy from the sunflower to the rabbit?
Which scenario correctly describes the flow of energy from the sunflower to the rabbit?
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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Matter is not conserved during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Matter is not conserved during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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The chemical equation for photosynthesis is ________.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is ________.
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Which statement correctly describes how influenza spreads and reproduces?
Which statement correctly describes how influenza spreads and reproduces?
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Eukaryotic cells have genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic cells have genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm.
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What type of cell is characterized by having membrane-bound organelles?
What type of cell is characterized by having membrane-bound organelles?
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The first cell that Emma is observing is __________, while the larger cell is __________.
The first cell that Emma is observing is __________, while the larger cell is __________.
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Match the components of DNA with their definitions:
Match the components of DNA with their definitions:
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Where is nucleic acid located in prokaryotic cells?
Where is nucleic acid located in prokaryotic cells?
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Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes.
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What is the primary function of the lipid envelope in a virus?
What is the primary function of the lipid envelope in a virus?
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Study Notes
Cell Transport
- Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
- Passive transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient, no energy required.
- Examples of passive transport include diffusion and osmosis.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
- Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.
- The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport that maintains proper cell function.
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Carbohydrates are used for energy.
- Lipids are involved in membrane formation and energy storage.
- Proteins have various functions, including enzymes that speed up reactions.
- Nucleic acids store genetic information.
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and forms vesicles.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) reactions.
- Enzymes are specific to their substrates.
- Enzyme activity is affected by temperature and pH.
- Optimal conditions are essential for enzyme function.
Viruses
- Viruses are not living cells, needing a host cell for reproduction.
- Viruses spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.
- Viruses have a capsid and genetic material (DNA or RNA).
- Viruses use host cell machinery to replicate.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lacking membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells are more complex, with membrane-bound organelles.
- Both cell types have genetic material (DNA).
- Ribosomes are found in both cell types.
DNA and Cell Cycle
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.
- The cell cycle has stages for growth and division.
- The goal of the cell cycle is for growth, repair, and reproduction.
- Disruptions to the cell cycle can lead to diseases like cancer.
- DNA replication is essential for cell division.
Protein Synthesis
- DNA codes for traits.
- DNA's nitrogenous bases determine amino acid sequences in proteins.
- RNA carries DNA's instructions to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- Environmental factors can influence gene expression and protein synthesis.
- Environmental factors impact protein activity and traits.
- Cell differentiation involves expression of certain genes for specific cell types, influenced by factors.
Energy Processes
- Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy (glucose).
- Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy as ATP.
- Matter (atoms) is conserved during both processes.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of cell transport mechanisms, including active and passive transport, along with examples like diffusion and osmosis. It also explores the different types of biomolecules, their functions, and roles within biological systems. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological principles!
