Biology Chapter on Cell Transport and Biomolecules
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which molecule carries the instructions of DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

  • tRNA
  • DNA
  • mRNA (correct)
  • rRNA

All genes in an organism are always expressed.

False (B)

What determines the amino acid sequence in a protein?

the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA

During protein synthesis, changes in _____ can impact traits being expressed.

<p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the DNA molecule codes for inherited traits?

<p>Nitrogenous Bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell differentiation is strictly a random process that is never influenced by environmental factors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a gene that makes an enzyme is activated by low pH, what changes occur in the protein?

<p>The pH changes the shape of the protein, allowing the gene to turn on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Gene expression = The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product Cell differentiation = The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function tRNA = Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis Transcription = The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diffusion, molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion?

<p>To move molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a transport protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of ______ transport.

<p>active</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

<p>The cell shrinks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of transport mechanisms that maintain homeostasis?

<p>Passive transport and active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biomolecule to its function:

<p>Carbohydrates = Energy storage and supply Lipids = Structural component of cell membranes Proteins = Catalyze biochemical reactions Nucleic acids = Store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cytoplasm controls what can enter and exit the cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process stores chemical energy as glucose?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular respiration converts radiant energy into chemical energy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of cellular respiration?

<p>carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

In photosynthesis, plants need carbon dioxide and _______ to produce glucose.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correctly describes the flow of energy from a sunflower to a rabbit?

<p>The sunflower converts sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matter is conserved during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their respective equations:

<p>Photosynthesis = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration = C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is energy transferred during cellular respiration?

<p>Energy is released in the form of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in lipid production and synthesis?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - it synthesizes lipids and forms vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only cells can replicate and spread disease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in cellular processes?

<p>Enzymes speed up reactions and are specific to the substrates they bind to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids.

<p>smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule is primarily involved in coding for traits?

<p>Nucleic Acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular components to their roles:

<p>Rough ER = Synthesis of proteins Smooth ER = Synthesis of lipids Lysosome = Breakdown of waste Nucleus = Contain genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes can be denatured by extreme temperatures or pH levels.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses can only reproduce _______ a host cell.

<p>within</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer is caused by regulated cell division.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle?

<p>The primary purpose of the cell cycle is to allow for cellular growth, DNA replication, and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the ______ phase, two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

<p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of photosynthesis?

<p>Using radiant energy to produce chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

<p>Cellular Respiration = Process that converts glucose into energy Photosynthesis = Process that converts radiant energy into glucose M Phase = Division of the cell into two daughter cells Interphase = Preparation phase where cells grow and replicate DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cells in an organism undergo the cell cycle continuously without any rest.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of the cell cycle is to aid in cellular growth and ______.

<p>repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes how influenza spreads and reproduces?

<p>The flu virus uses the cell's machinery to replicate and produce new virus particles, which then spread through coughing, droplets, and direct contact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having a defined nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is characterized by the absence of membrane-bound organelles?

<p>Prokaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is located in the ______.

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cell characteristics with the correct type of cell:

<p>No membrane-bound organelles = Prokaryotic Cells Defined nucleus = Eukaryotic Cells Simple structure = Prokaryotic Cells Complex structure = Eukaryotic Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells can have membrane-bound organelles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one component of DNA.

<p>Phosphate-sugar backbone, nitrogenous base, or nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Requires no energy.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of a protein, without energy.

Active Transport

Movement of molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient. Requires energy.

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane Function

The cell membrane controls what can enter and exit the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytoplasm Function

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell that provides a medium for organelles to function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sodium-Potassium Pump

The sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, against their concentration gradient.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why Active Transport Is Necessary?

Active transport is necessary to maintain proper cell function by regulating the concentration of ions and molecules inside and outside the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are complex carbohydrates used for?

Complex carbohydrates are large molecules that are broken down into simpler sugars, providing energy for cellular processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the smooth ER's main function in lipid production?

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a network of interconnected membranes, plays a crucial role in synthesizing lipids, which are essential components of cell membranes and energy storage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are biological catalysts, typically proteins, that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are enzymes specific?

Enzymes are highly specific, meaning each enzyme has a unique active site that binds to a specific substrate, facilitating a particular biochemical reaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What can affect enzyme activity?

Enzymes are sensitive to environmental conditions. Extreme temperatures or pH can alter the enzyme's shape, disrupting its function, a process known as denaturation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are viruses?

Viruses are non-living entities that require a host cell to reproduce. They lack the necessary cellular machinery for independent replication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do viruses spread and cause disease?

Viruses spread through various means, including direct contact, airborne transmission, and contaminated surfaces. They can cause disease by disrupting host cell function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are viruses different from cells?

Unlike cells, viruses lack a cell membrane, ribosomes, and independent mechanisms for protein synthesis. They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How influenza spreads and reproduces

A virus that infects cells and uses the host cell's machinery to replicate, spreading through coughing, droplets, and direct contact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic cell

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and have a simple structure with genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotes have a nucleus containing DNA, and are complex with membrane-bound organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is interphase?

Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division. Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Components of DNA

The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of DNA, while the nitrogenous bases pair with each other to hold the two strands together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleotide

A nucleotide is a building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When does DNA replication occur?

The S phase is a stage during interphase where the cell replicates its DNA, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydrogen bond in DNA

Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that hold the nitrogenous bases together in the DNA double helix.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is M phase?

M phase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell physically divides. M phase includes mitosis, where the chromosomes divide, and cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What causes cancer?

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division, leading to the formation of tumors. This happens because the cell cycle regulation fails, allowing cells to divide uncontrollably.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleic acid location in Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes have genetic material located freely in the cytoplasm, which is not enclosed within a membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleic acid location in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have genetic material enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create food (glucose) and oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy (ATP) and produce carbon dioxide and water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the law of conservation of matter?

The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do photosynthesis and cellular respiration have in common?

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve the use of enzymes to speed up chemical reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are energy transformed in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. Cellular respiration releases this stored chemical energy as ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct, while cellular respiration consumes oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This equation shows the reactants (carbon dioxide and water) and products (glucose and oxygen) of the process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP. This equation shows the reactants (glucose and oxygen) and products (carbon dioxide, water, and ATP) of the process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are matter and energy conserved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Matter is conserved during photosynthesis and cellular respiration, meaning that atoms are not lost but are rearranged. The oxygen and carbon dioxide produced in one process are used in the other, demonstrating the cyclical relationship between these two processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes?

mRNA carries the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Are all genes always expressed in an organism's body?

Not all genes are expressed in an organism's body at the same time. Genes can be turned on or off depending on factors like hormones or pH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately shapes the protein's function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How can external factors affect trait expression?

Internal and external factors like hormones and pH can impact trait expression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do stem cells differentiate?

Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells based on the genes they express. This is not a random process, but influenced by internal signals and the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens to genes during cell differentiation?

Specific genes are turned on or off during cell differentiation, leading to the development of specific structures and functions. This process is influenced by both internal and external factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does pH affect gene expression?

Changes in pH can affect protein shape, which can impact gene expression. This is how pH influences gene expression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What part of the DNA molecule codes for traits?

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA contains the genetic code that determines the traits of an organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Transport

  • Passive transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient, requiring no energy. Diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
  • Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP). The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport.

Biomolecules

  • Biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids impact cell structure and function.
  • The cell membrane, ribosomes and genetic material are not found in viruses.
  • Viruses replicate only inside host cells. They can spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.
  • Complex carbohydrates provide energy. Proteins are involved in various cellular roles including enzyme function. Lipids are crucial for membrane structure and energy storage. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.
  • The Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, the Smooth ER in lipid synthesis.

Enzymes

  • Enzymes are specific to their substrates; they speed up reactions (catalysts).
  • Enzymes work best at optimal temperatures and pH conditions. Extreme conditions can denature enzymes.

Viruses

  • Viruses have genetic material but lack cellular structures like cell membranes, ribosomes, and other organelles found in cells.
  • They require a host cell to replicate.
  • Viruses can spread through the air during coughing and sneezing.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

  • Prokaryotic cells are simple, lack membrane-bound organelles and have genetic material in the cytoplasm.
  • Eukaryotic cells are complex, have membrane-bound organelles, and enclose their genetic material within a nucleus.

DNA and Cell Cycle

  • DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.
  • DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules.
  • The cell cycle facilitates cell growth, DNA replication, cell division for proper development and repair.
  • Cancer is caused by unregulated cell division.

Protein Synthesis

  • The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.
  • mRNA carries the instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
  • Environmental factors like hormones and pH can influence gene expression and therefore protein production.
  • Cell differentiation is the process where stem cells specialize into various cell types. Genes are turned on or off to determine the specialization of each cell.

Energy Processes

  • Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
  • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
  • Matter is conserved during these processes – atoms are rearranged, not lost. Energy flows from sunlight to glucose and then to ATP.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Biology CBA Review 2024-2025 PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of cell transport and the role of biomolecules in this quiz. Learn about passive and active transport mechanisms, including diffusion and the sodium-potassium pump. Delve into the different types of biomolecules and their critical functions in cellular processes.

More Like This

Cell Transport Mechanisms Quiz
19 questions

Cell Transport Mechanisms Quiz

QuietRubidium avatar
QuietRubidium
Biology Chapter 8 Lesson 3 - Cell Transport
13 questions

Biology Chapter 8 Lesson 3 - Cell Transport

WellRegardedObsidian1129 avatar
WellRegardedObsidian1129
Cell Transport Review Flashcards
13 questions

Cell Transport Review Flashcards

LuminousGadolinium avatar
LuminousGadolinium
Cell Transport and Biomolecules Overview
48 questions

Cell Transport and Biomolecules Overview

HappierFluorine avatar
HappierFluorine
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser