Biology Chapter on Cell Transport and Biomolecules
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule carries the instructions of DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

  • tRNA
  • DNA
  • mRNA (correct)
  • rRNA

    • All genes in an organism are always expressed.

    False

    What determines the amino acid sequence in a protein?

    the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA

    During protein synthesis, changes in _____ can impact traits being expressed.

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the DNA molecule codes for inherited traits?

    <p>Nitrogenous Bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell differentiation is strictly a random process that is never influenced by environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gene that makes an enzyme is activated by low pH, what changes occur in the protein?

    <p>The pH changes the shape of the protein, allowing the gene to turn on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following genetic concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Gene expression = The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product Cell differentiation = The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function tRNA = Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis Transcription = The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diffusion, molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>To move molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a transport protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sodium-potassium pump is an example of ______ transport.

    <p>active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>The cell shrinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of transport mechanisms that maintain homeostasis?

    <p>Passive transport and active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biomolecule to its function:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Energy storage and supply Lipids = Structural component of cell membranes Proteins = Catalyze biochemical reactions Nucleic acids = Store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm controls what can enter and exit the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process stores chemical energy as glucose?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration converts radiant energy into chemical energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of cellular respiration?

    <p>carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, plants need carbon dioxide and _______ to produce glucose.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correctly describes the flow of energy from a sunflower to a rabbit?

    <p>The sunflower converts sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matter is conserved during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their respective equations:

    <p>Photosynthesis = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration = C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy transferred during cellular respiration?

    <p>Energy is released in the form of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily involved in lipid production and synthesis?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - it synthesizes lipids and forms vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only cells can replicate and spread disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in cellular processes?

    <p>Enzymes speed up reactions and are specific to the substrates they bind to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids.

    <p>smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule is primarily involved in coding for traits?

    <p>Nucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cellular components to their roles:

    <p>Rough ER = Synthesis of proteins Smooth ER = Synthesis of lipids Lysosome = Breakdown of waste Nucleus = Contain genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes can be denatured by extreme temperatures or pH levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viruses can only reproduce _______ a host cell.

    <p>within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cancer is caused by regulated cell division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle?

    <p>The primary purpose of the cell cycle is to allow for cellular growth, DNA replication, and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ______ phase, two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of photosynthesis?

    <p>Using radiant energy to produce chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Cellular Respiration = Process that converts glucose into energy Photosynthesis = Process that converts radiant energy into glucose M Phase = Division of the cell into two daughter cells Interphase = Preparation phase where cells grow and replicate DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells in an organism undergo the cell cycle continuously without any rest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of the cell cycle is to aid in cellular growth and ______.

    <p>repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes how influenza spreads and reproduces?

    <p>The flu virus uses the cell's machinery to replicate and produce new virus particles, which then spread through coughing, droplets, and direct contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having a defined nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is characterized by the absence of membrane-bound organelles?

    <p>Prokaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is located in the ______.

    <p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cell characteristics with the correct type of cell:

    <p>No membrane-bound organelles = Prokaryotic Cells Defined nucleus = Eukaryotic Cells Simple structure = Prokaryotic Cells Complex structure = Eukaryotic Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells can have membrane-bound organelles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one component of DNA.

    <p>Phosphate-sugar backbone, nitrogenous base, or nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Transport

    • Passive transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient, requiring no energy. Diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
    • Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP). The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport.

    Biomolecules

    • Biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids impact cell structure and function.
    • The cell membrane, ribosomes and genetic material are not found in viruses.
    • Viruses replicate only inside host cells. They can spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.
    • Complex carbohydrates provide energy. Proteins are involved in various cellular roles including enzyme function. Lipids are crucial for membrane structure and energy storage. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.
    • The Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, the Smooth ER in lipid synthesis.

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes are specific to their substrates; they speed up reactions (catalysts).
    • Enzymes work best at optimal temperatures and pH conditions. Extreme conditions can denature enzymes.

    Viruses

    • Viruses have genetic material but lack cellular structures like cell membranes, ribosomes, and other organelles found in cells.
    • They require a host cell to replicate.
    • Viruses can spread through the air during coughing and sneezing.

    Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells are simple, lack membrane-bound organelles and have genetic material in the cytoplasm.
    • Eukaryotic cells are complex, have membrane-bound organelles, and enclose their genetic material within a nucleus.

    DNA and Cell Cycle

    • DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.
    • DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules.
    • The cell cycle facilitates cell growth, DNA replication, cell division for proper development and repair.
    • Cancer is caused by unregulated cell division.

    Protein Synthesis

    • The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.
    • mRNA carries the instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
    • Environmental factors like hormones and pH can influence gene expression and therefore protein production.
    • Cell differentiation is the process where stem cells specialize into various cell types. Genes are turned on or off to determine the specialization of each cell.

    Energy Processes

    • Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
    • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
    • Matter is conserved during these processes – atoms are rearranged, not lost. Energy flows from sunlight to glucose and then to ATP.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell transport and the role of biomolecules in this quiz. Learn about passive and active transport mechanisms, including diffusion and the sodium-potassium pump. Delve into the different types of biomolecules and their critical functions in cellular processes.

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