Biology CBA Review 2024-2025 PDF

# Biology CBA Review 2024-2025 ## Unit 4: Cell Transport (5C, 11A) ### Active & Passive Transport (4 questions) - I can investigate homeostasis through cellular transport mechanisms, focusing on active transport of molecules. (5C, 11A) - I can describe and explain passive transport mechanisms, su...

# Biology CBA Review 2024-2025 ## Unit 4: Cell Transport (5C, 11A) ### Active & Passive Transport (4 questions) - I can investigate homeostasis through cellular transport mechanisms, focusing on active transport of molecules. (5C, 11A) - I can describe and explain passive transport mechanisms, such as osmosis and diffusion, in maintaining cellular homeostasis (5C) 1. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - In diffusion, molecules move from an area of **low** concentration to an area of **high** concentration. - All forms of passive transport move molecules **with** the concentration gradient, no energy required. - When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell causing it to shrink. - Only **both** passive and active transport are needed to maintain homeostasis. - Facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein to move molecules **with** the concentration gradient. 2. Complete the table below. | Image | Circle the transport name | Write a basic description of the transport | Circle the concentration gradient | |---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | Osmosis or Diffusion | The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. | | | | Facilitated Diffusion or Active Transport | The movement of molecules down the concentration gradient, with the help of a transport protein, without using energy. | | | | Osmosis or Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. | | | | Facilitated Diffusion or Active Transport | The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP). | | 3. Short Constructed Response: In animal cells, the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions **against** a concentration gradient across the cell membrane. What type of transport is used, **AND** why is this type of transport necessary? The sodium-potassium pump uses **active transport** because it moves ions **against** their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP). This is necessary to maintain proper cell function. ## Biomolecules: Impact on Cell Structure and Function (4 questions) - I can relate the functions of different biomolecules-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids-to the structure and function of a cell (5A) 1. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - The **cytoplasm** [CELL MEMBRANE] controls what can enter and exit the cell. - Complex carbohydrates are used for **energy**. - The smooth ER membrane protein transports large molecules across the **plasma**. 2. Select the biomolecule MOST involved in each: | | Nucleic Acid | Protein | Carb | Lipid | |---|---|---|---|---| | Rough ER | X | X | | | | Nucleus | | | | | | Smooth ER | | X | | | | Chloroplast synthesizes glucose | | | X | | | Codes for traits | X | | | | | Enzymes in lysosome breakdown waste | | X | | | 3. Imagine a cell is preparing to produce a large amount of lipids for membrane formation and energy storage. Which organelle is primarily involved in this process, and what is its main function in lipid production? A. Mitochondrion - it generates energy required for lipid synthesis. B. **Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - it synthesizes lipids and forms vesicles.** C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - it synthesizes proteins that assist in lipid formation. D. Golgi apparatus - it sorts and packages molecules for transport within the cell. ## Unit 3: Energy Processes (11A, 11B) ### Enzymes (2 questions) - I can investigate and explain the role of enzymes in facilitating cellular processes (11B) 1. Circle or highlight all the words, statements, or images that relate to ENZYMES: - Are specific to the substrate they bind to. - Store for long-term energy. - Carbohydrate. - **Monomers consisting of fatty acids.** - **Use less energy to synthesize a product.** - **Code for traits.** - **Protein.** - **Can be denatured by extreme temperatures or pH, work best at optimal conditions.** - **CELLULOSE.** - **Speed up how fast reactions occur (catalyst).** - **Synthesize ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient.** ## Unit 2: Viruses, Cells, and Biomolecules (5A, 5B, 5D) ### Viruses (4 questions) - I can compare the structures of viruses to cells and explain how viruses spread and cause disease (5D) 1. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - **Cells and viruses both contain a** [**cell**] **membrane, ribosomes, and genetic material.** - Viruses can only reproduce **within** a host cell. - Viruses can replicate **spread** in the air through coughing and sneezing. 2. Complete the chart by putting an X in the box(s) being described. | Description | Virus | Cell | |---|---|---| | Contain genetic material | X | X | | Require a host cell to replicate | X | | | Structures include a lipid envelope, capsid, and projection | X | | | Can have membrane bound organelles | | X | A group of students in a high school biology class is reviewing information about the influenza virus. 3. Which of the following statements correctly describes how influenza spreads and reproduces? A. The flu virus directly causes the cell to divide, producing new virus particles that spread to other body parts. B. The flu virus uses the cell's machinery to replicate and produce new virus particles, which then spread through coughing, droplets, and direct contact. C. The flu virus replicates on surfaces outside the body, then spreads through direct contact. D. The flu virus undergoes meiosis to synthesize genetically different virus particles, which then spread through airborne transmission. ### Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (2 questions) - I can compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their complexity and scientific explanations for cellular complexity (5B) 1. Emma is looking at two different types of cells under a microscope. The first cell is very simple with genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. The second cell is larger, has a clearly defined nuclear membrane. Which of the following statements best describes the two cells Emma is observing? A. The first cell is prokaryotic, and the second cell is eukaryotic. B. Both cells are eukaryotic, but the first one is just smaller. C. The first cell is eukaryotic, and the second cell is prokaryotic. 2. Compare the two types of cells by answering the questions in the table below. | | Prokaryotic Cells | Eukaryotic Cells | |---|---|---| | Where is the nucleic acid located? | CYTOPLASM | NUCLEUS | | Are there membrane bound organelles present? | NO | YES | | Is the cell simple or complex? | SIMPLE | COMPLEX | | Are ribosomes present? | YES | YES | ## Unit 5: DNA & Cell Cycle (6A, 6C, 7A) ### Identify the Components of DNA (2 questions) - I can identify the components of DNA (7A) 1. Circle/Color & Label the following on the DNA molecule: - Phosphate-sugar backbone - Nitrogenous base - Nucleotide - Hydrogen bond 2. Draw a NUCLEOTIDE below and label the 3 parts (Phosphate, Deoxyribose, and Nitrogen Base) ## Cell Cycle & Disruptions (6 questions) - I can explain the importance of the cell cycle in growth, including an overview of the stages and DNA replication. (6A)-4 questions - I can describe how disruptions can lead to diseases such as cancer. (6C) - 2 questions 1. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - DNA replication occurs during **S** phase of interphase, genetic material is duplicated in preparation for cell division. - During M phase of the cell cycle, two genetically **identical** daughter cells are synthesized. - Cancer and tumors are caused by **unregulated** cell division, leading to rapid growth and formation. - The goal of the cell cycle is to aid in cellular growth and repair, ensuring that organisms develop properly. 2. Complete the chart by putting an X for the process being described. | Description | Interphase | M Phase | |---|---|---| | Cell divides synthesizing TWO identical somatic cells | X | | | Synthesizes two identical DNA molecules during S phase | | X | | Nuclear Division | | X | | Cells must undergo a resting phase, or it can lead to unregulated cell division | X | | | Cell grows, metabolizes and synthesize DNA | X | | 3. Why is the cell cycle important for living organisms? A. It ensures that cells can divide without any regulation. B. It allows cells to grow, replicate their DNA, and divide, which is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction. C. It only helps with the production of energy in cells. D. It prevents cells from ever dividing, ensuring no new cells are created. ## Energy Processes (4 questions) - I can explain how matter is conserved, and energy is transferred during photosynthesis and cellular respiration, using models and the chemical equation for the process (11A) 1. Use the following words to complete the image. Put the words at the letters: Chemical Energy, Cellular Respiration, Radiant Energy, Chemical Energy, Photosynthesis. A. Radiant Energy B. Photosynthesis C. Chemical Energy D. Cellular Respiration E. Chemical Energy 2. Complete the chart by putting an X for the process being described. | Description | Photosynthesis | Cellular Respiration | Both | |---|---|---|---| | Stores chemical energy as glucose | | | X | | Enzymes aid in breaking down the reactants to create products | | X | X | | Radiant energy to chemical energy | X | | | | Removes oxygen from the atmosphere | | X | | | Uses reactants to synthesize products | X | X | | | Stores chemical energy as ATP | | X | | 3. Imagine a large sunflower growing in a field, absorbing sunlight and performing photosynthesis to produce glucose. A rabbit comes along and eats some of the sunflower’s leaves. Which of the following scenarios correctly describes the flow of energy from the sunflower to the rabbit through photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. The sunflower produces glucose by cellular respiration, which is then passed on to the rabbit when it consumes the leaves. B. The sunflower converts sunlight into chemical energy, which is stored in glucose. The rabbit consumes the leaves, breaking down the glucose during cellular respiration to release energy for movement. C. The sunflower absorbs energy from the soil to produce glucose, which is then transferred directly to the rabbit’s muscles for immediate use. 4. Short Constructed Response: Explain how matter is conserved, and energy is transferred during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Use the chemical equations for both processes to support your explanation. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The energy from sunlight is stored in the glucose molecules, which plants can later use for growth. The process is shown by the equation: 6CO2+6H2O+ light energy → C6H12O6+6O2 In cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP, which cells use to do work. The by-products are carbon dioxide and water. The equation for this process is: C6H12O6+6O2 → 6CO2+6H2O+ ATP The important thing to note is that matter is conserved-atoms are not lost but are rearranged. The oxygen and carbon dioxide produced in one process are used in the other. Energy flows from sunlight in photosynthesis to stored glucose, then is released as ATP during cellular respiration. ## Unit 6: Protein Synthesis (6B, 7A, 7B, 7C) ### Protein Synthesis (5 questions) - I can explain how nucleotide sequences specify traits (7A)- 2 questions - I can describe the significance of gene expression and explain the process of protein synthesis using DNA and RNA models (7B)-3 questions 1. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - **tRNA** [**mRNA**] carries the instruction of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome to create proteins. - **All** [**Some**] genes are turned on and off and always expressed in an organism's body. - The sequence of nitrogenous bases determines the amino acid in a protein. - Internal and external factors, like hormones and pH, **can** [**cannot**] impact traits being expressed. 2. Highlight or Circle the part of the DNA molecule that codes for traits. What part of the DNA codes for our inherited traits? Nitrogenous Bases 3. What is the amino acid sequence given the DNA below: GTA TTA ACG ATT CAU AAU UGC UAA His Asn Cys Stop 4. In some bacteria, a gene that makes an enzyme is turned on when the pH is low. The acidic pH changes the shape of a protein that helps turn on the gene. Which of the following explains how the pH affects gene expression? A. The pH changes the DNA, causing a change in traits. B. The pH changes the protein's, allowing the gene to turn on. C. The pH stops the gene from making mRNA. ### Cell Differentiation (2 questions) - I can explain the process of cell specialization through cell differentiation and the role of environmental factors (6B) 1. Use the image to support you. Highlight the true statements and CORRECT the false statements. - Stem cells differentiate into different somatic cells based on the genes they express. - **All** [**Some**] genes are turned on and always are expressed in an organism's body. - **Cell differentiation is a random process and is never can be influenced by environmental factors**. - During cell differentiation, certain genes are turned on or off, leading to specific structure and function.