Cell Structure Quiz

Study Notes

Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and leaves.
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place.
Nucleus: Control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport.
Ribosomes: Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes, breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances.
Golgi Apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging.

Metabolism: The process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
Cell Signaling: The process by which cells respond to stimuli, involving signal transduction pathways and molecular interactions.
Cell Division: The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, including mitosis and meiosis.

Interphase: The longest stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Mitosis: The stage of the cell cycle where the replicated DNA is divided equally between two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis: The process of cytoplasmic division, resulting in the physical separation of the two daughter cells.

Passive Transport: The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Active Transport: The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring energy input.

Cilia: Hair-like structures involved in movement, sensing, and signaling.
Flagella: Whip-like structures involved in movement.
Centrioles: Small, cylindrical organelles involved in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.
Peroxisomes: Membrane-bound organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids.

Plasma membrane is semi-permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where metabolic processes take place.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell, storing DNA.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, found throughout the cytoplasm.
Lysosomes break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances using digestive enzymes.
Golgi Apparatus is involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging.

Metabolism involves converting energy and nutrients into living organisms' components.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
Cell Signaling involves signal transduction pathways and molecular interactions, enabling cells to respond to stimuli.
Cell Division is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, including mitosis and meiosis.

Interphase is the longest stage, where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Mitosis is the stage where replicated DNA is divided equally between two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division, resulting in the physical separation of the two daughter cells.

Passive Transport moves molecules from higher to lower concentration, including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Active Transport moves molecules from lower to higher concentration, requiring energy input.

Cilia are hair-like structures involved in movement, sensing, and signaling.
Flagella are whip-like structures involved in movement.
Centrioles are small, cylindrical organelles involved in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.
Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and amino acids.