Cell Biology: Cell Structure

Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur
Nucleus: Control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
Golgi Apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules responsible for protein modification and secretion
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for cellular digestion and recycling
Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments providing structural support and involved in cell movement and division

Metabolism: Chemical reactions that occur within the cell to maintain homeostasis and energy production
Cell Division: Process of cell growth, DNA replication, and cell separation to produce daughter cells
Cell Signaling: Communication between cells through signaling molecules and receptors
Cell Adhesion: Interaction between cells and their environment through cell surface proteins and adhesion molecules
Cell Migration: Movement of cells in response to stimuli, involved in development, immune response, and tissue repair

Interphase: Period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells
Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm and separation of daughter cells
Checkpoint: Regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper progression through the cell cycle

Passive Transport: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input
- Diffusion: Random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Active Transport: Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
- Carrier Proteins: Transport molecules through the cell membrane
- Pumps: Use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient

Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment.
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs and tubules responsible for protein modification and secretion.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for cellular digestion and recycling.
Cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments providing structural support and involved in cell movement and division.

Metabolism involves chemical reactions that occur within the cell to maintain homeostasis and energy production.
Cell Division is the process of cell growth, DNA replication, and cell separation to produce daughter cells.
Cell Signaling involves communication between cells through signaling molecules and receptors.
Cell Adhesion involves interaction between cells and their environment through cell surface proteins and adhesion molecules.
Cell Migration involves the movement of cells in response to stimuli, involved in development, immune response, and tissue repair.

Interphase is the period of cell growth and preparation for cell division.
Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and separation of daughter cells.
Checkpoint involves regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper progression through the cell cycle.

Diffusion involves the random movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

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