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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Which cellular structure is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport?
Which cellular structure is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
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What is the term for the process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells?
What is the term for the process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells?
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What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Golgi Apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules responsible for protein modification and secretion
- Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for cellular digestion and recycling
- Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments providing structural support and involved in cell movement and division
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: Chemical reactions that occur within the cell to maintain homeostasis and energy production
- Cell Division: Process of cell growth, DNA replication, and cell separation to produce daughter cells
- Cell Signaling: Communication between cells through signaling molecules and receptors
- Cell Adhesion: Interaction between cells and their environment through cell surface proteins and adhesion molecules
- Cell Migration: Movement of cells in response to stimuli, involved in development, immune response, and tissue repair
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: Period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
- Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm and separation of daughter cells
- Checkpoint: Regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper progression through the cell cycle
Cellular Transport
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Passive Transport: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input
- Diffusion: Random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
-
Active Transport: Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
- Carrier Proteins: Transport molecules through the cell membrane
- Pumps: Use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment.
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
- Nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
- Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs and tubules responsible for protein modification and secretion.
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes responsible for cellular digestion and recycling.
- Cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments providing structural support and involved in cell movement and division.
Cell Functions
- Metabolism involves chemical reactions that occur within the cell to maintain homeostasis and energy production.
- Cell Division is the process of cell growth, DNA replication, and cell separation to produce daughter cells.
- Cell Signaling involves communication between cells through signaling molecules and receptors.
- Cell Adhesion involves interaction between cells and their environment through cell surface proteins and adhesion molecules.
- Cell Migration involves the movement of cells in response to stimuli, involved in development, immune response, and tissue repair.
Cell Cycle
- Interphase is the period of cell growth and preparation for cell division.
- Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and separation of daughter cells.
- Checkpoint involves regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper progression through the cell cycle.
Cellular Transport
Passive Transport
- Diffusion involves the random movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
Active Transport
- Carrier Proteins transport molecules through the cell membrane.
- Pumps use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the different components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.