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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration?
What is the term for a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water?
What is the term for a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
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What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
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What is the term for a bond between atoms in a molecule?
What is the term for a bond between atoms in a molecule?
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What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
What is the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes to break down waste and foreign substances
- Golgi apparatus: modifies and packages proteins for secretion
Cell Functions
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce and grow
- Active transport: movement of molecules against concentration gradient using energy
- Passive transport: movement of molecules along concentration gradient without energy
Cell Transport
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration
- Active transport: uses energy to move molecules against concentration gradient
Chemistry
Atomic Structure
- Proton: positively charged particle in the nucleus
- Neutron: neutral particle in the nucleus
- Electron: negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
- Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus
- Mass number: sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Chemical Bonding
- Ionic bond: transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions
- Covalent bond: sharing of electrons between atoms
- Molecular bond: bond between atoms in a molecule
- Electrolyte: substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical equation: representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas
- Reactants: substances that react to form products
- Products: substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction
- Activation energy: energy required to start a chemical reaction
- Catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
- The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell growth and reproduction.
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and foreign substances.
- The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for secretion.
Cell Functions
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
- Cell division is the process by which cells reproduce and grow.
- Active transport is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy.
- Passive transport is the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient without energy.
Cell Transport
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
- Active transport uses energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient.
Chemistry
Atomic Structure
- A proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus.
- A neutron is a neutral particle in the nucleus.
- An electron is a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.
- The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.
- The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Chemical Bonding
- An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions.
- A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- A molecular bond is a bond between atoms in a molecule.
- An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas.
- Reactants are substances that react to form products.
- Products are substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
- Activation energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
- A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.
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Description
Learn about the different components of a cell, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes. Understand their functions and importance in cellular processes.
