15 Questions
Which one of the following is a characteristic of negative feedback loops in homeostasis?
They maintain stability by opposing the initial change
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Covalent bond
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which subatomic particle is much lighter than protons and orbits around the nucleus at high speed?
Electrons
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What are isotopes?
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
What are ions?
Atoms or molecules that have an electric charge
Which of the following is NOT a common function of all living things?
Metabolism
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The state of internal balance or stable internal environment that must be maintained for survival
What is the most common form of homeostatic regulation?
Negative feedback
What do anatomical concepts include?
Anatomical regions, directions, planes, and body cavities of the trunk
Which of the following processes is NOT a type of transport process in cells?
Endocytosis
What is the function of microvilli in cells?
To increase the surface area of cells
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in cells?
Ribosomes
What is the function of epithelial tissue in the body?
To cover external surfaces
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Tissues
- Enzymes catalyze reactions in cells, with substrates binding to the enzyme's active site.
- The plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow is determined by the solute concentration, with isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions affecting the cell's shape.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
- Microvilli are small projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of cells.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile, used for movement and sensing signals.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions such as synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells into different types and the formation of tissues.
- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces, connective tissue provides support, mucous and serous membranes line passageways and cavities, synovial membranes protect joints, muscle tissue allows for contraction, and nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses.
Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissues with this quiz. Learn about enzymes, plasma membrane, transport processes, nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and different types of tissues.
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