30 Questions
Which subatomic particle has a positive electrical charge?
Proton
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What are isotopes?
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?
Atomic weight
What are ions?
Atoms or molecules that have an electric charge
What type of bond is created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations?
Ionic bond
What type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in the context of homeostasis?
Childbirth
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent bond
Which of the following is an example of an organelle involved in protein synthesis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is an example of a transport process that does not require energy?
Diffusion
Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to the cell
Which of the following is an example of an anatomical landmark?
Abdominopelvic quadrants
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Which one of the following is NOT a common function of all living things?
Excretion
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The state of internal balance or stable internal environment that must be maintained for survival
Which form of homeostatic regulation corrects variations back to normal range?
Negative feedback
What is the sum of all chemical operations occurring in the body called?
Metabolism
Which type of movement refers to transporting materials within the body?
Internal movement
What are the anatomical concepts that include anatomical regions, directions, planes, and body cavities of the trunk called?
Anatomical divisions
Which type of feedback reinforces or exaggerates the original stimulus?
Positive feedback
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is the function of microvilli in cells?
Increase the surface area
Which transport process is driven by solute concentration?
Osmosis
What is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
What is the function of cilia in cells?
Movement and sensing signals
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Which organelle provides energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification
What is the term for the specialization of cells into different types and the formation of tissues?
Cellular differentiation
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Tissues
- Enzymes catalyze reactions in cells, with substrates binding to the enzyme's active site.
- The plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow is determined by the solute concentration, with isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions affecting the cell's shape.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
- Microvilli are small projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of cells.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile, used for movement and sensing signals.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions such as synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells into different types and the formation of tissues.
- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces, connective tissue provides support, mucous and serous membranes line passageways and cavities, synovial membranes protect joints, muscle tissue allows for contraction, and nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses.
Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissues with this quiz. Learn about enzymes, plasma membrane, transport processes, nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and different types of tissues.
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