70 Questions
Which subatomic particle is much lighter than protons and orbits around the nucleus at high speed?
Electrons
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in the atom
What are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus called?
Isotopes
What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?
Atomic weight
What are atoms or molecules that have an electric charge called?
Ions
What type of chemical bond is created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations?
Ionic bond
What type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Which of the following is NOT a common function of all living things?
Metabolism
What does homeostasis refer to?
The state of internal balance or stable internal environment
Which form of homeostatic regulation corrects variations back to the normal range?
Negative feedback
What is the increase in size of an organism through cell growth or the addition of new cells called?
Growth
What is the study of life and encompasses common functions of all living things called?
Biology
Which type of movement refers to the ability to respond to changes in the immediate environment?
Responsiveness
What is the sum of all chemical operations occurring in the body and provides energy for other functions?
Metabolism
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase the surface area of cells
Which process is responsible for the movement of water across the plasma membrane?
Osmosis
What is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
What determines the osmotic flow in a cell?
Solute concentration
Which type of tissue covers external surfaces?
Epithelial tissue
What are the long extensions of the plasma membrane used for movement and sensing signals?
Cilia
Which process involves the uptake of materials into the cell?
Exocytosis
Which membrane protects joints?
Synovial membrane
Which of the following best describes the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?
It opposes the initial stimulus to bring the body back to homeostasis.
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the cell.
Which of the following best describes the property of water known as surface tension?
Surface tension is the resistance of water to flow.
Which of the following best describes the process of catabolism?
Catabolism breaks down amino acids into smaller molecules.
Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution.
Which type of tissue lines cavities not open to the outside?
Epithelial tissue
Which type of membrane covers the surface of the body?
Cutaneous membrane
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart?
Cardiac muscle tissue
Which type of muscle tissue has limited ability to repair?
Cardiac muscle tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach and uterus?
Smooth muscle tissue
Which type of tissue is specialized for transmitting electrical impulses?
Nervous tissue
Which type of tissue is most concentrated in the brain and spinal cord?
Nervous tissue
Which type of tissue processes information and controls responses?
Nervous tissue
Which process involves the fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane to release fluids and/or solids from the cell?
Exocytosis
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase surface area of the plasma membrane
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Detoxification of drugs or toxins
Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus?
Control cell function and structure
Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?
Manufacture proteins
Which type of tissue covers external body surfaces?
Epithelial tissue
Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?
Transport materials through the cell
Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Detoxification of drugs or toxins
Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?
Movement of solutes down a concentration gradient
Which of the following best describes the process of active transport?
Carrier proteins transport solutes against a concentration gradient
What type of epithelium is typically found in serous membranes?
Simple squamous epithelium
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach and uterus?
Smooth muscle tissue
What is the function of synovial membranes?
To produce synovial fluid
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle tissue
What is the main function of nervous tissue?
To process information and control responses
Which type of tissue covers the surface of the body?
Cutaneous tissue
What type of tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle tissue
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
To contract and relax
What is the function of serous membranes?
To line cavities not open to the outside
Which type of epithelium is typically found in cutaneous membranes?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Control center of the cell
Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope?
Surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytosol
Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?
Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane
Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?
Move substances across cell surface using ATP
Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?
Manufacture proteins
Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Detoxification of drugs or toxins
Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?
Provide energy for the cell
Which of the following best describes the function of tumors?
Mass produced by abnormal cell growth and division
Which of the following best describes the process of cellular differentiation?
Cellular specialization due to gene activation or repression
Which of the following best describes the function of epithelial tissue?
Protection for external body surfaces
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Tissues
- Enzymes catalyze reactions in cells, with substrates binding to the enzyme's active site.
- The plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow is determined by the solute concentration, with isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions affecting the cell's shape.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
- Microvilli are small projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of cells.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile, used for movement and sensing signals.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions such as synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells into different types and the formation of tissues.
- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces, connective tissue provides support, mucous and serous membranes line passageways and cavities, synovial membranes protect joints, muscle tissue allows for contraction, and nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses.
Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissues with this quiz. Learn about enzymes, plasma membrane, transport processes, nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and different types of tissues.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
