Cell Structure and Tissues
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Questions and Answers

Which subatomic particle is much lighter than protons and orbits around the nucleus at high speed?

  • Neutrons
  • Electrons (correct)
  • Protons
  • Ions

    • What is the atomic number of an atom?

  • The number of neutrons in the atom
  • The number of electrons in the atom
  • The number of protons in the atom (correct)
  • The total number of subatomic particles in the atom

    • What are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus called?

  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
  • Isotopes (correct)
  • Protons

    • What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?

    <p>Atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are atoms or molecules that have an electric charge called?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical bond is created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?

    <p>Nonpolar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common function of all living things?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does homeostasis refer to?

    <p>The state of internal balance or stable internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of homeostatic regulation corrects variations back to the normal range?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increase in size of an organism through cell growth or the addition of new cells called?

    <p>Growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of life and encompasses common functions of all living things called?

    <p>Biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement refers to the ability to respond to changes in the immediate environment?

    <p>Responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of all chemical operations occurring in the body and provides energy for other functions?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli?

    <p>Increase the surface area of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the control center of the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the osmotic flow in a cell?

    <p>Solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue covers external surfaces?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long extensions of the plasma membrane used for movement and sensing signals?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the uptake of materials into the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane protects joints?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?

    <p>It opposes the initial stimulus to bring the body back to homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

    <p>Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

    <p>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the property of water known as surface tension?

    <p>Surface tension is the resistance of water to flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of catabolism?

    <p>Catabolism breaks down amino acids into smaller molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

    <p>Osmosis is the movement of water from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue lines cavities not open to the outside?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane covers the surface of the body?

    <p>Cutaneous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?

    <p>Smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?

    <p>Skeletal muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue has limited ability to repair?

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach and uterus?

    <p>Smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is specialized for transmitting electrical impulses?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is most concentrated in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue processes information and controls responses?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane to release fluids and/or solids from the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli?

    <p>Increase surface area of the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Detoxification of drugs or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus?

    <p>Control cell function and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

    <p>Manufacture proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue covers external body surfaces?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?

    <p>Transport materials through the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Detoxification of drugs or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

    <p>Movement of solutes down a concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of active transport?

    <p>Carrier proteins transport solutes against a concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is typically found in serous membranes?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach and uterus?

    <p>Smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synovial membranes?

    <p>To produce synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?

    <p>Skeletal muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nervous tissue?

    <p>To process information and control responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue covers the surface of the body?

    <p>Cutaneous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?

    <p>Smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of muscle tissue?

    <p>To contract and relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of serous membranes?

    <p>To line cavities not open to the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is typically found in cutaneous membranes?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Control center of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

    <p>Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?

    <p>Move substances across cell surface using ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

    <p>Manufacture proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Detoxification of drugs or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?

    <p>Provide energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of tumors?

    <p>Mass produced by abnormal cell growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of cellular differentiation?

    <p>Cellular specialization due to gene activation or repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Protection for external body surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Tissues

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions in cells, with substrates binding to the enzyme's active site.
    • The plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow is determined by the solute concentration, with isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions affecting the cell's shape.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
    • Microvilli are small projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of cells.
    • Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile, used for movement and sensing signals.
    • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions such as synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
    • Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells into different types and the formation of tissues.
    • Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces, connective tissue provides support, mucous and serous membranes line passageways and cavities, synovial membranes protect joints, muscle tissue allows for contraction, and nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses.

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    Anatomy Sem 1.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissues with this quiz. Learn about enzymes, plasma membrane, transport processes, nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and different types of tissues.

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