29 Questions
Where are choline-containing phospholipids mainly located within the cell membrane?
Outer leaflet
What is the role of flippase enzymes in cell membranes?
Rotate phospholipids within the membrane
Which of the following organelles is NOT mentioned as being formed by membranes in a cell?
Ribosomes
What happens when there are specific deficiencies or alterations in membrane components?
Lead to diseases
Which term describes the nature of membranes having hydrophobic and hydrophilic compartments?
Amphipathic
What is the main type of interaction that forms membrane structures?
Hydrophobic interactions
What is the main function of cardiolipin in mitochondria?
Structural support
Which lipid is recognized by antibodies raised against Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis?
Cardiolipin
Which phospholipase enzyme cleaves the fatty acid at the sn-2 position from phospholipids?
Phospholipase A2
Where are sphingomyelins primarily found in the cell membrane?
Outer leaflet
Which molecule is produced when phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is cleaved during hormone agonist stimulation?
Diacylglycerol
In which organelle is cardiolipin found in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria
What protein is responsible for the pinching off of clathrin-coated vesicles from the cell surface?
Dynamin
Which molecule is important in vesicle assembly alongside the protein clathrin?
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
What type of macromolecule transport involves releasing molecules synthesized in the ER and Golgi to the exterior?
Exocytosis
Which of the following hormones is mentioned to be packaged in granules and processed for release through exocytosis?
Parathyroid hormone
What process does SARS-CoV-2 use to enter cells?
Endocytosis
Which molecule is metabolized when endocytotic vesicles containing the LDL-bound LDL receptor complex fuse to lysosomes?
Cholesteryl esters
What effect does the Na+-K+-ATPase have on the interior of the cell?
It makes the cell interior more negative.
Which statement about ouabain and digitalis is true?
They inhibit the Na+-K+-ATPase.
How is glucose transported in the small intestine?
Using a symporter that binds Na+ and glucose.
What is the relationship between the Na+ gradient and glucose transport?
A higher Na+ gradient increases glucose entry into the cell.
Which of the following statements about secondary active transport is correct?
It involves the movement of ions against their electrochemical gradient.
Which phospholipid is important in nervous transmission as acetylcholine and is the most abundant phospholipid of the cell membrane?
3-phosphatidylcholine
Which phospholipid is a precursor of second messengers and plays an important part in cell signaling and membrane trafficking?
3-phosphatidylinositol
Which phospholipid is responsible for preventing adherence, due to surface tension, of the inner surfaces of the lungs?
3-phosphatidylethanolamine
Which phospholipid represents a large proportion of the body's store of choline?
3-phosphatidylcholine
Which phosphoinositide is the most common form and is known as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate?
3-phosphatidylinositol
Which phospholipid activity is associated with LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase) and HDL?
Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol)
Test your knowledge on cell signaling pathways involving hormone agonist stimulation and the cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. Explore topics such as membrane lipids, phospholipids, and second messengers.
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