47 Questions
Which type of glucose is found in cellulose?
Beta glucose
What is the main function of glycogen in animals?
Energy storage
Where is glycogen mainly stored in animals?
Liver and muscle cells
What does hydrolysis of glycogen release?
Glucose
What is the main function of cellulose in plants?
Component of cell walls
How do the glycosidic linkages of cellulose differ from those of starch?
Starch has alpha linkages, cellulose has beta linkages
Which polymer is a storage polysaccharide in animals?
Glycogen
What is the polymer of glucose that is a major component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose
Which type of glucose is found in starch?
Alpha glucose
Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?
They have double bonds
Which type of fats are solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
Why are lipids considered hydrophobic?
Because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons which are nonpolar
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Presence of double bonds
What is the unifying feature of lipids?
Little or no affinity for water
Which type of fats are usually found in animal fats?
Saturated fats
How are fats constructed?
From glycerol and fatty acids
What effect does saturation have on the melting point of fats?
Increases melting point
Which type of fats are usually found in plant and fish fats?
Unsaturated fats
In a fat, how are three fatty acids joined to glycerol?
Through ester linkages
What characteristic varies among fatty acids?
Length (number of carbons), number and location of double bonds
Why do fats separate from water?
Because water molecules exclude fats via hydrophobic interactions
What is the process of synthetically converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen?
Hydrogenation
Which type of fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease according to the text?
Trans fats
What is the main function of essential fatty acids like omega-3 fatty acids?
Normal growth
Where do humans and other mammals store their fat primarily?
Adipose tissue
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid tails
What is the term for fatty acids that must be obtained through the diet since they are not synthesized in the human body?
Essential fatty acids
Which process involves the creation of unsaturated fats with trans double bonds?
Hydrogenation
What is the major function of adipose tissue in the body?
Insulation of vital organs
What is the major difference in structure between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?
Presence of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
How do the properties of fats contribute to their separation from water?
Fats are nonpolar and repel water molecules
What is the significance of the ester linkages in forming a fat or triglyceride?
Ester linkages join fatty acids to glycerol in a condensation reaction
Why are lipids classified as a diverse group of molecules?
Because they can vary in structure and function
Which feature of fatty acids plays a crucial role in determining whether they are saturated or unsaturated?
Number and location of double bonds
In what way do essential fatty acids differ from non-essential fatty acids?
Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from diet
Why are unsaturated fats more likely to be liquid at room temperature?
They have double bonds that introduce kinks in the fatty acid chain, preventing tight packing.
Which of the following fatty acid compositions would result in a membrane that is more fluid at room temperature?
20% saturated, 80% unsaturated
How does the degree of saturation of fatty acids affect the melting point of fats?
Higher saturation leads to a higher melting point.
Which characteristic makes plant and fish fats usually liquid at room temperature?
Presence of double bonds in the fatty acids
In which type of fats are animal fats typically found?
Saturated fats
What role does saturation play in determining the physical state of fats?
Higher saturation leads to a solid state at room temperature.
What is the process of synthetically converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen known as?
Hydrogenation
Which type of fats may contribute more to cardiovascular disease than saturated fats according to the text?
Trans fats
What is the term used for fatty acids that are not synthesized in the human body and therefore must be obtained through the diet?
Essential fatty acids
In phospholipids, which part of the molecule is hydrophilic?
Phosphate head group
What function do omega-3 fatty acids serve in the body according to the text?
Normal growth
Where do humans and other mammals primarily store their fat?
Adipose cells
Test your knowledge on the diversity of polymers in cells, including the variation in macromolecule content among cell types, individuals, and species. Explore the role of carbohydrates as fuel and building material, covering sugars and carbohydrate polymers.
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