Cell Cycle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the longest part of the cell cycle?

G2 phase

Prophase

Interphase (correct)

Mitosis

Which cells in humans contain 46 chromosomes?

Egg and sperm cells

Somatic cells (correct)

All of the cells in the body (correct)

Cells in anaphase

Which characteristic would not be exhibited by cancer cells?

Density-dependent inhibition (correct)

Apoptosis

Metastasis

Passing through the restriction point

What typically occurs after a cell passes the restriction point in G1 phase?

Undergo chromosome duplication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

To separate sister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyotype?

A pictorial display of an individual's chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What are autosomes?

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart and chromatin condenses into chromosomes?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Why do specialized cells like neurons and muscle cells divide infrequently?

They have entered the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

The division of the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of cell division involves alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

To separate sister chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What explains the phenomenon where neighboring cells signal each other to stop dividing?

Density-dependent inhibition Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding transformed (cancer) cells?

They lose cell cycle control. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a genome?

All the genetic material of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the first meiotic division?

All of the above occur. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is not true regarding homologous chromosomes?

Crossing over occurs between sister chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

Cancer cells continue to divide despite density-dependent inhibition. Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecules are eukaryotic chromosomes primarily composed of?

DNA and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What does not occur during mitosis?

Synthesis of DNA Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase of mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction only uses mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is classified as what?

A sperm Signup and view all the answers

If a heterozygous pea plant is crossed with a homozygous tall pea plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be dwarf in size?

0 Signup and view all the answers

The frequency of Down syndrome in the human population is most closely correlated with which of the following?

Age of the mother Signup and view all the answers

Why do the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?

One phenotype was completely dominant over another. Signup and view all the answers

Independent assortment of chromosomes results from which process?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

With the genotype BbHh, how many unique gametes can be produced?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a male's genetic makeup for the X chromosome?

Hemizygous Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is the only viable monosomy known to occur in newborns?

Turner syndrome Signup and view all the answers

How are closely linked genes inherited?

They are inherited together due to their proximity on the same chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fill in the Blank

A non-dividing state is a phase when a cell has not passed the restriction point
Sister chromatids separate and chromosomes move apart
Mitotic spindle forms
Cell plate forms or cleavage furrow pinches cells apart
Chromosomes replicate
Chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane
Nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes
Chromosomes become visible
Kinetochore-microtubule interactions move chromosomes to the midline
Longest stage of the cell cycle, composed of three substages
Microtubules interact with kinetochore proteins at the centromere region

Multiple Choice

The longest part of the cell cycle is interphase
Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells, and that number is found in somatic cells
Cancer cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition
A cell that passes the restriction point in G1 will most likely undergo chromosome duplication
The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to fertilization

Additional Information

DNA replication
Somatic cell division is mitosis
A karyotype is a pictorial display of an individual's chromosomes
Autosomes are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes
During meiosis I: synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs, the chromosome number becomes haploid, crossing over between nonsister chromatids occurs, paternal and maternal chromosomes assort randomly
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because sister chromatids separate
Homologous chromosomes are not true for mitosis
The synapse during the S phase of meiosis
They travel together to the metaphase plate in prometaphase of meiosis I
Each parent contributes one set of homologous chromosomes to an offspring
Crossing over occurs between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes as indicated by chiasmata
Cancer cells are always in the M phase of the cell cycle, suffering from density-dependence inhibition, and continue dividing even when densely packed together
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a somatic cell of a male
Sister chromatids separate in anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring (mitosis)
Sexual reproduction involves two parents, producing genetically distinct offspring (meiosis)
Centrioles begin to move apart and chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
S-phase is when DNA is copied
G1, S, and G2 stages make up interphase
Bacteria cells use binary fission
Sister chromatids are identical
Chromosomes separate during anaphase
Human cells have 46 chromosomes, not 46 pairs
The microtubule-organizing center in animal cells is called centrosomes
Gametes are haploid
Crossing over occurs in meiosis I, but not meiosis II
A zygote is a cell right before fertilization
Meiosis starts with 1 cell and produces 4 cells
Mitosis starts with 1 cell and produces 2 genetically identical cells
The region where sister chromatids are most closely held together is called the centromere
Sister chromatids are held together by cohesins
The mitotic spindle plays a role in separating sister chromatids
Metaphase is characterized by alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell
Cells stop dividing when cell surface proteins contact neighboring cells through density-dependent inhibition
A genome is the complete set of an organism's genes
A syndrome is a group of traits typically found in conjunction with a particular chromosomal aberration or gene mutation
In pea plants, the tall phenotype is dominant to the dwarf phenotype
The frequency of Down syndrome in humans is most closely correlated with the age of the mother
F1 offspring of Mendel's pea cross always look like one of the parental varieties because each allele affects phenotypic expression independently
Phenotype is the observable characteristics of an organism

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Description

Test your knowledge on the phases of the cell cycle and key concepts such as interphase, mitosis, and chromosome behavior. This quiz includes fill-in-the-blank and multiple-choice questions that cover essential definitions and processes related to cell division and replication.