Exam 4 Review Packet (Ch. 12-15) PDF

**Exam \#4 Review (Ch. 12-15)** =============================== **Fill in the blank:**  Identify the appropriate phase of **the cell cycle or mitosis**.  Answers may be used more than once. [\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]\_1.  a non-dividing state when a cell has not passed the "restriction...

**Exam \#4 Review (Ch. 12-15)** =============================== **Fill in the blank:**  Identify the appropriate phase of **the cell cycle or mitosis**.  Answers may be used more than once. [\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]\_1.  a non-dividing state when a cell has not passed the "restriction point" \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_2.  sister chromatids separate and chromosomes move apart \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_3.  mitotic spindle begins to form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_4.  cell plate forms or cleavage furrow pinches cells apart \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_5.  chromosomes replicate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_6.  chromosomes line up at equatorial plane \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_7.  nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_8.  chromosomes become visible \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_9.  kinetochore-microtubule interactions move chromosomes to midline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_10. longest stage of cell cycle; composed of three substages. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_11. microtubules interact with kinetochore proteins at the centromere region **Multiple Choice:** 1\.  The longest part of the cell cycle is a\.  prophase b.  G~2~ phase      c. mitosis d. interphase 2\.  Humans have 46 chromosomes.  That number of chromosomes will be found in 1. cells in anaphase. 2. the egg and sperm cells. 3. the somatic cells. 4. all the cells of the body. 5\.  Which of the following would **not** be exhibited by cancer cells? a\.  passing through the restriction point b\.  density-dependent inhibition c\.  metastasis 6\.  A cell that passes the restriction point in G~1~ will most likely 1. undergo chromosome duplication. 2. have just completed cytokinesis. 3. continue to divide only if it is a cancer cell. 4. move into the G~0~ phase. 7\.  The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to 1. 8. A. meiosis B. replication\ C. mitosis\ D. cytokinesis alone E. binary fission 9\.  What is a karyotype? 1. a genotype of an individual 2. a unique combination of chromosomes found in a gamete 3. a blood type determination of an individual 4. a pictorial display of an individual's chromosomes 5. a species-specific diploid number of chromosomes 10\.  What are autosomes? a\. sex chromosomes b\.   chromosomes that occur singly c\.   chromosomal abnormalities that result in genetic defects d\. the first 22 pairs of chromosomes 12\.  During the first meiotic division (meiosis I) 1. synapsis of homologous chromosomes and then separate 2. the chromosome number becomes haploid. 3. crossing over between nonsister chromatids occurs. 4. paternal and maternal chromosomes assort randomly. 5. all of the above occur. 14\.  Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because 1. sister chromatids separate. 2. homologous chromosomes separate. 3. DNA replication precedes the division. 4. haploid cells are produced. 15\.  Which of the following is **not** true of homologous chromosomes? 1. The synapse during the S phase of meiosis. 2. They travel together to the metaphase plate in prometaphase of meiosis I. 3. Each parent contributes one set of homologous chromosomes to an offspring. 4. Crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is indicated by the presence of chiasmata. 16\.  One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that 1. the cancer cell is unable to synthesize DNA. 2. cancer cells are always in the M phase of the cell cycle. 3. cancer cells suffer from density-dependent inhibition. 4. cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.   17\. Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of which of the following macromolecules? a\. DNA and RNA b\. DNA only c\. DNA and proteins d\. DNA and phospholipids 18\. A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a\. a sperm. b\. an egg. c\. a zygote. d\. a somatic cell of a male. 19\.  Which of the following does **NOT** occur in mitosis? 1. condensing of chromatin into chromosomes 2. separation of sister chromatids 3. spindle formation 4. microtubule formation and breakdown 5. synthesis of DNA 20\.  Sister chromatids separate in 1. anaphase I of meiosis 2. anaphase II of meiosis 3. anaphase of mitosis 4. both b and c 25\.  Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in that a\.  individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%. b\.  asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents (mitosis), whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring (meiosis). c\.  asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. d\.  asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. e\.  all of the above 26\. At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart and chromatin condenses into chromosomes? a\. telophase b\. metaphase c\. prophase d\. anaphase 27\. Why specialized cells like neurons and muscle cells divide infrequently? a\. They have entered the G0 phase of the cell cycle. b\. They are undergoing mitosis repeatedly. c\. They can no longer produce MPF. **[True/False -- Mitosis and Meiosis]** 28. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. 29. \_\_\_\_\_\_ The S-Phase is when the DNA is copied. 30. \_\_\_\_\_\_ G1, S, and G2 make up interphase. 31. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Bacteria cells use binary fission. 32. \_\_\_\_\_\_  Sister chromatids are identical. 33. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Chromatids separate during metaphase. 34. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Human cells have 46 pairs of chromosomes. 35. \_\_\_\_\_ The name of the microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells is called centrosomes. 36. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Gametes are diploid. 37. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Crossing over can occur in meiosis I but not in meiosis II. 38. \_\_\_\_\_\_ A zygote represents an egg cell right before fertilization. 39. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Meiosis starts with 1 cell and produces 4 cells. 40. \_\_\_\_\_\_ Mitosis starts with 1 cell and produces 2 genetically distinct cell. 41. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_The region where sister chromatids are most closely held together is called centromere. 42. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_Sister chromatids are held together by cohesins. 43. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_The mitotic spindle plays a role in separating sister chromatids. 44. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_Metaphase is characterized by alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell. 45. What process explains this: As cells become more numerous, the cell surface proteins of one cell contact the adjoining cells, and they signal each other to stop dividing. a\. Density-dependent inhibition b\. tumor c\. anchorage dependent growth 47\. Which of the following is characteristic of transformed (cancer) cells? a\. loss of cell cycle control b\. loss of anchorage dependent growth c\. loss of density dependent inhibition d\. all of the above 48. What is a genome?: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 49\) What is a syndrome? a\. a characteristic facial appearance b\. a trait that leads to cancer at some stage in life c\. a group of traits typically found in conjunction with a particular chromosomal aberration or gene mutation d\. a specific characteristic that appears in conjunction with one specific aneuploidy 50\. In pea plants, the tall phenotype is dominant to the dwarf phenotype. If a heterozygous pea plant is crossed with a homozygous tall pea plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be dwarf in size? a\. 1 b\. 1/2 c\. 1/4 d\. 0 71\. The frequency of Down syndrome in the human population is most closely correlated with which of the following? a\. Age of the mother b\. Exposure of pregnant women to environmental pollutants c\. Average of the ages of mother and father d\. Frequency of new meiosis 70. The F1 offspring of Mendel\'s classic pea cross always looked like one of the two parental varieties because a\. no genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype. b\. the traits blended together during fertilization. c\. one phenotype was completely dominant over another. d\. different genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype. e\. each allele affected phenotypic expression. 72. Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 73. Explain Barr bodies and their purpose. 51\. Monohybrid cross 52\. Males are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for the X chromosome 53\. Amniocentesis and CVS used for what? 54\. Gregor Mendel's significant conclusion from pea plants 55\. Sex-linked recessive traits example 56\. Example of epistasis 57\. Dihybrid cross 58\. Gender differentiation occurs how? 59\. Homozygous genotype (pure) example 60\. Example of incomplete dominance 61\. How many unique gametes from AaBBCCDdEe? 62\. An aneuploidy that has the most severe impact on health 63\. Genotype BbHh: all possible gametes from this? 64\. Recombinant chromosomes? 65\. Heterozygous genotype (hybrid) example 66\. Who will inherit X-linked allele from father who carries it? 67\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the only viable monosomy known to occur in newborns. 68\. Examples of polygenic inheritance 69\. Why closely linked genes are inherited together? **Use these terms at least once in the animal cell images below:** **Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase/Cytokinesis** cell division