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Questions and Answers
The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) has greatly facilitated living cell experiments because:
The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) has greatly facilitated living cell experiments because:
Endoglycosidase D is a useful reagent because it allows scientists to distinguish glycosylated proteins that:
Endoglycosidase D is a useful reagent because it allows scientists to distinguish glycosylated proteins that:
Yeast sec mutations:
Yeast sec mutations:
Cell-free transport assays:
Cell-free transport assays:
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The first step in the secretory pathway that should be inhibited by a non-functional mutant of NSF is:
The first step in the secretory pathway that should be inhibited by a non-functional mutant of NSF is:
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Given the wild type (normal) yeast on the left and the mutant yeast on the right, identify the defective phenotype for the mutant.
Given the wild type (normal) yeast on the left and the mutant yeast on the right, identify the defective phenotype for the mutant.
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Vesicle budding recruits proteins that are needed for subsequent:
Vesicle budding recruits proteins that are needed for subsequent:
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The presence of clathrin mediates vesicular transport:
The presence of clathrin mediates vesicular transport:
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Which of the following small GTPases are NOT involved in vesicle budding or docking?
Which of the following small GTPases are NOT involved in vesicle budding or docking?
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If Sar1 is inserted into the membrane:
If Sar1 is inserted into the membrane:
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What phenotype would be observed in a cell containing a nonhydrolyzable form of ATP with respect to the vesicles of the secretory pathway?
What phenotype would be observed in a cell containing a nonhydrolyzable form of ATP with respect to the vesicles of the secretory pathway?
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COPI coat proteins mediate ______ transport between the Golgi apparatus and other organelles.
COPI coat proteins mediate ______ transport between the Golgi apparatus and other organelles.
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Which of the following is a forward transport sorting signal acting at the ER?
Which of the following is a forward transport sorting signal acting at the ER?
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Soluble and membrane proteins advance through the Golgi complex by:
Soluble and membrane proteins advance through the Golgi complex by:
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Protein sorting of anterograde cargo to different destinations within the Golgi complex occurs in the:
Protein sorting of anterograde cargo to different destinations within the Golgi complex occurs in the:
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In hepatocytes, the process by which apically destined proteins travel from the basolateral region across the cell before fusing with the apical membrane is called:
In hepatocytes, the process by which apically destined proteins travel from the basolateral region across the cell before fusing with the apical membrane is called:
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The mannose 6-phosphate residue is important, as it is required to target soluble enzymes to the ___. The two enzymes responsible for attaching this residue onto these soluble enzymes reside in the ___.
The mannose 6-phosphate residue is important, as it is required to target soluble enzymes to the ___. The two enzymes responsible for attaching this residue onto these soluble enzymes reside in the ___.
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Which of the following is TRUE about lysosomes?
Which of the following is TRUE about lysosomes?
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The LDL receptor is a receptor for:
The LDL receptor is a receptor for:
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Lipoproteins are effective in transporting lipid molecules in an aqueous environment because their surface layer is:
Lipoproteins are effective in transporting lipid molecules in an aqueous environment because their surface layer is:
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Acidification of endosomes is important in dissociating:
Acidification of endosomes is important in dissociating:
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Formation of the late endosome/multivesicular endosome occurs by mechanisms similar to those of:
Formation of the late endosome/multivesicular endosome occurs by mechanisms similar to those of:
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Study Notes
Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis
- GFP (green fluorescent protein) discovery greatly facilitates living cell experiments due to its easy fusion with other proteins.
- Endoglycosidase D distinguishes glycosylated proteins that remain in the ER.
- Yeast sec mutations provide insights into the protein transport mechanism, affecting protein transport into mitochondria but not chloroplasts.
- Cell-free transport assays complement genetic approaches, often probing changes in the glycosylation state of transported proteins and testing effects of added purified proteins.
- Vesicle movement between Golgi compartments is distinguished by retrograde transport of Golgi enzymes to compartments containing proteins, using a cell-free system.
Section 14.1 Details
- VSV-G protein is temperature-sensitive in its folding; misfolded VSV-G will fold normally with a temperature shift, permitting pulse-chase experiments.
- VSV-G protein is useful for analyzing membrane protein folding and transport for its folding properties and ability to be fused with GFP.
- NSF, a protein, is involved in the first step of the secretory pathway, ER to Golgi transport.
Section 14.1, Question 4
- Cell-free transport assays, which are suitable for testing the effects of added purified proteins, help with the process.
Section 14.2 Details
- Vesicle budding recruits proteins for subsequent vesicle targeting and fusion.
- Clathrin mediates vesicular transport from the trans-Golgi to endosome.
- ARF and rab proteins are involved in vesicle budding and docking.
- COPII proteins aid in ER to Golgi transport.
- Proteins destined for the ER will encounter enzymatic modifications.
- Proteins destined for secretion are transported in COPII-coated vesicles from the ER.
- Proteins that function in the ER will encounter enzymatic modifications of ER-resident proteins.
- Secretion includes the release from KDEL receptors in Golgi due to a pH change.
Section 14.2, Q 14 Discussion
- Sar1, a protein, is bound to GTP and recruits COPII coat proteins when inserted into the membrane.
Section 14.2, Q 16 Discussion
- Accumulation of vesicles is the result of the nonhydrolyzable form of ATP.
Section 14.3 Details
- COPI proteins mediate retrograde transport between the Golgi apparatus and other organelles.
- A forward transport signal at the ER is a diacidic amino acid sequence.
- Golgi complex proteins move by cisternal progression or vesicular transport.
- Two enzymes responsible for attaching a mannose 6-phosphate reside in the cis-Golgi.
Section 14.3, Q 17 Discussion
- COPI coat proteins mediate retrograde transport.
Section 14.3, Q 20 Discussion
- Vesicle movement, particularly COPI vesicles, mediate retrograde movement within the Golgi and recycles membrane and soluble proteins to their location.
Section 14.3, Q 38 Discussion
- Lysosomes are enveloped by a single membrane and can contain engulfed organelles with double membranes.
- Proteins destined for lysosomes are glycosylated in the ER with a specific mannose phosphorylated.
Section 14.4 Details
- Autophagy is the delivery of cytosol or organelles to lysosomes for degradation; it is a regulated process often induced by stress.
- Protein synthesis and trafficking studies, such as those performed by George Palade, use radioactive leucine pulses to track protein transport through the cell.
- Vesicle formation, facilitated by dynamin, helps in pinching off clathrin-coated vesicles.
Section 14.4, Q 26 Discussion
- Dynamin, a cytosolic GTPase protein, is involved in pinching off clathrin-coated vesicles.
Section 14.4, Q 28 Discussion
- LDL receptor binds to apolipoprotein B and mediates the endocytosis of LDL.
Section 14.5 Details
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is crucial for transporting proteins such as important molecules and their receptors.
- Acidification is necessary for releasing cargo from receptors, like cholesterol from LDL.
- Proteins entering the lysosome are targeted there by the mannose-6-phosphate residue.
- Adaptation proteins associate with plasma membranes to allow for clathrin-coated vesicles.
- A portion of the cytosol or organelle are enveloped by a membrane.
Section 14.5, Q 22 Discussion
- Protein sorting to different destinations within the Golgi occurs in the trans-Golgi network.
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Description
Explore the fascinating mechanisms of vesicular traffic, secretion, and endocytosis in this detailed quiz. Test your understanding of protein transport, glycosylation, and the significance of GFP in living cell experiments. Delve into the interplay between cell-free systems and genetic approaches for protein analysis.
