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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism?
What is the thickness of the cell membrane as seen in a transmission electron microscope?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins for use within the cell?
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What is the internal structure of a cilium?
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Which organ is rich in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?
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What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the identified types of filaments?
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What is the primary role of lysosomes within a cell?
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What constitutes the primary structure identified as (A) in lysosomes?
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Which organelle is identified as the organelle responsible for concentrating proteins for secretion?
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Which organelle functions to detoxify alcohol and drugs?
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What is the internal structure of cilia as identified in the content?
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Which organelle is known for its role in cellular energy production?
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Which type of ribosomes are involved in synthesizing proteins for use within the cell?
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What enables the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize proteins primarily for secretion?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- Composed of phospholipids, transmembrane proteins, and glycolipid chains
- Appears trilaminar under a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Thickness is 7.5-10 nm
Mitochondria
- Function: energy production
Free Ribosomes
- Function: synthesis of protein for the use of the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Function: synthesis of protein, mostly to be secreted outside the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- Functions:
- Lipid metabolism
- Detoxification of alcohol and drugs
- Organ rich in SER: Liver
Golgi Apparatus
- Function: Concentration of protein to be secreted
Lysosomes
- Types:
- Heterolysosome
- Multivesicular body
- Primary lysosome
Microfilaments
- Types:
- Actin filaments
- Myosin filaments
Centrioles
- Function:
- Form the basal bodies of cilia
- Cell division
Cilia
- Structure:
- 9 peripheral doublets + 2 central microtubules
- 9 triplets of microtubules
- Sites:
- Trachea
- Fallopian tube
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, transmembrane proteins, and glycolipid chains.
- The cell membrane appears trilaminar when viewed under a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
- The thickness of the cell membrane is approximately 7.5-10 nm.
- The cell membrane functions as a barrier to control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria is an organelle responsible for energy production within the cell.
Free Ribosomes
- Free ribosomes are also known as polysomes.
- They are involved in the synthesis of proteins for use within the cell itself.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) can be divided into Rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER).
- The RER is involved in the synthesis of proteins, primarily for secretion outside the cell.
- The SER plays a role in lipid metabolism, detoxification of alcohol and drugs, and the synthesis of steroids.
- The liver is an organ rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi Apparatus
- The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for concentrating proteins before they are secreted.
Lysosomes
- Different forms of lysosomes include heterolysosomes, multivesicular bodies, and primary lysosomes.
- Lysosomes are organelles involved in the breakdown of cellular waste products and foreign materials.
Microfilaments
- Microfilaments are composed of actin and myosin filaments.
- They are involved in cell movement, shape, and contraction.
Centrioles
- Each cell contains two centrioles.
- Centrioles are responsible for forming the basal bodies of cilia and play a role in cell division.
Cilia
- Cilia are hair-like projections from the cell surface.
- Cilia are composed of nine peripheral doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair of microtubules (9+2 arrangement).
- Cilia can be found in the trachea and fallopian tube.
- Each cilium has a shaft and its internal structure consists of 9 peripheral doublets and 2 central microtubules.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various organelles in cell biology, including their structures and functions. This quiz covers topics like the cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. Ideal for students studying cell biology concepts.
