Cell Biology Chapter Quiz
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Questions and Answers

The Golgi apparatus is also referred to as the Golgi body.

True (A)

The structure within the nucleus that is responsible for ribonucleic acid production is called the nucleus envelope.

False (B)

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by the presence of many ribosomes on its surface.

False (B)

Cells are organized into organelles, which each play a unique role, indicating a concept known as division of labor.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus contains a single membrane that protects its dense structure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electron microscopes are necessary to view most organelles within a cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endoplasmic reticulum plays no role in protein synthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fluid separating the two membranes of the nuclear envelope contains ribosomes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vacuoles can store waste products and break them down into harmless small particles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure of plants is solely dependent on the cytoplasm amount present in plant cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are found only in eukaryotic cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are primarily responsible for the production of enzymes within the nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of protein synthesis begins with the synthesis of messenger RNA in the ribosomes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transfer RNA is responsible for binding with amino acids in the cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The loss of water in vacuoles does not affect the size of plant cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in making proteins for export out of the cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrioles play a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrioles are present in both plant and animal cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Hooke was the first to observe and describe cells in living organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The discovery of the microscope had no impact on the study of cell biology.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Centrosomes are considered crucial for the organization of microtubules in the cytoplasm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells divide using centrioles to facilitate the cell division process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic unit of living organisms was first identified by Robert Hooke as cell walls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microtubules are crucial for the function of centrioles in organizing the structure of cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell biology is also known as cytology.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A human body contains approximately 10 billion cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cells share identical characteristics and structures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both plants and animals contain cells that have high structural similarities.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurons are cells that retain the ability to divide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All living organisms utilize ribonucleic acid to synthesize proteins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nuclear membrane is responsible for separating DNA from the cytoplasm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular diversity refers to the similarities in the kinds of cells across different organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are organelles that are essential for generating Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle cells in multicellular organisms do not synthesize proteins needed for their contraction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell morphology refers to the different shapes and forms of cells in multicellular organisms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-contractile cells are responsible for synthesizing the same proteins as muscle cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into tissues based on their functions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cardiovascular system consists solely of muscles that facilitate blood circulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell division occurs when cells grow and complete their cellular activities appropriately.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular communication does not require movement of molecules within the cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myosins can only bind to actin filaments in the presence of monophosphate nucleotides.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capping proteins serve to prevent the disassembly of actin filaments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Villin and filamin are proteins that assist in stiffening the filament structure by binding them lengthwise.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are over fifteen different types of capping proteins that regulate filament length in cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myosin II is primarily responsible for moving membrane-bound vesicles along actin tracks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Nucleus

Largest cell organelle, stores genetic material (DNA) and produces Ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane surrounding the Nucleus, containing nuclear pores for molecule passage.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of membranes in the cell, involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport.

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Rough ER

Part of the ER with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis and transport.

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Smooth ER

Part of the ER without ribosomes, responsible for lipid synthesis.

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Golgi Apparatus

Organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.

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Ultra-Structure

Detailed structure of cell organelles, observable using an electron microscope.

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Vacuole function

Vacuoles store water, plant waste, and break down waste into harmless particles for cell health. They also maintain plant cell structure.

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Plant cell support

Plant cells use cell walls for support; vacuoles contribute to cell volume changes.

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Ribosomes

Ribosomes are organelles that synthesize proteins.

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Protein synthesis need

Ribosomes need Messenger RNA (mRNA), amino acids, and transfer RNA (tRNA).

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Ribosome location

Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, some are free-floating in the cytosol, and others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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mRNA function

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries instructions from the nucleus for protein synthesis, travels to ribosomes within the cell.

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tRNA function

Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein assembly.

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Protein role in cell

Proteins are essential for cell functions, including cell processes & forming cell membranes.

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Centrioles

Small organelles found in animal cells, involved in organizing microtubules during cell division.

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Mitotic Spindle

A structure composed of microtubules that separates chromosomes during cell division.

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Centrosome

A cell structure containing centrioles, important for microtubule organization.

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Plant Cell Division

Plant cells divide without centrioles, using a different mechanism.

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Microtubules

Protein filaments involved in cell structure and movement.

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Cell Biology

Study of the structure, function, and behaviour of cells.

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Robert Hooke

English scientist that was one of the first to observe cells.

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Cell

The basic unit of life.

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Cell Biology/Cytology

The scientific study of cells.

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Number of Cells in a Human

A human being has more than 10 trillion (10^13) cells.

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Cellular Diversity

The classification of different cell types.

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Cell Structure similarities

Cells, across living organisms, share common features and components, like using carbon in macromolecules, and DNA/RNA.

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Cell Components

Cells contain various essential parts like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).

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Cell's genetic material

DNA is the genetic material and instructs the cell in its activities.

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Cell's metabolic process

Cells have the ability to perform life-sustaining processes and are vital for life.

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Cell Division

Cells reproduce by dividing themselves. But some specific cells, like neurons, lose their division ability.

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Actin filament functions

Actin filaments have various roles, including forming bundles or mesh-like structures, and being stiffened by proteins. Their length can also be controlled. These functions allow cells to manipulate their cytoplasm's physical properties.

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Myosin molecular motors

Myosin is a protein that converts chemical energy into movement by binding to actin filaments, following energy transfer from ATP.

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Myosin II function

Myosin II is a specific type of myosin that slides actin filaments past each other. It's crucial for cell contraction (eg. during cytokinesis) and cell movement.

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Actin-binding proteins

These proteins regulate actin filament structure and dynamics. They include proteins like tropomyosin, villin, and filamin.

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Types of myosin motors

Different types of myosin – some with two heads and some with one – perform various functions within the cell (movement of vesicles, cytokinesis, muscle contraction).

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Cell Diversity

Cells vary in size, shape, internal structure, and function, even within the same organism.

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Cell Morphology

The study of the shape and form of cells.

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Cellular Communication

The process by which cells interact and send signals to each other.

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Multicellular Organisms

Organisms made up of many specialized cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.

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Cell Functions

Specific tasks performed by different cells, including secretion and movement.

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ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a crucial energy source for biochemical reactions and cellular processes.

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Cell Tissues

Group of similar cells that work together performing a specific function, part of larger organs

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Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides to produce two new cells, essential for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

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