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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of the Golgi apparatus?
What is a characteristic feature of the Golgi apparatus?
How many dictyosomes are typically found in a hepatocyte?
How many dictyosomes are typically found in a hepatocyte?
Which type of cell lacks a Golgi apparatus?
Which type of cell lacks a Golgi apparatus?
In which localization is the Golgi apparatus found in secretory cells?
In which localization is the Golgi apparatus found in secretory cells?
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What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
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Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
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What did Cajal demonstrate about the Golgi apparatus in 1914?
What did Cajal demonstrate about the Golgi apparatus in 1914?
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What is a defining characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?
What is a defining characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?
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What microscopy technique was first used to visualize the Golgi apparatus around 1950?
What microscopy technique was first used to visualize the Golgi apparatus around 1950?
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What is the typical location of the Golgi apparatus within a cell?
What is the typical location of the Golgi apparatus within a cell?
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In what type of cells did Golgi originally perform his observations?
In what type of cells did Golgi originally perform his observations?
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What term did Golgi use to refer to the Golgi apparatus upon its discovery?
What term did Golgi use to refer to the Golgi apparatus upon its discovery?
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Which structure is NOT associated with the Golgi apparatus?
Which structure is NOT associated with the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the primary function of the CIS face of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of the CIS face of the Golgi apparatus?
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Which of the following sugars is NOT directly mentioned as a part of the Golgi apparatus functions?
Which of the following sugars is NOT directly mentioned as a part of the Golgi apparatus functions?
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What distinguishes the TRANS face of the Golgi apparatus compared to the CIS face?
What distinguishes the TRANS face of the Golgi apparatus compared to the CIS face?
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What feature is characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?
What feature is characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the primary function of golgins in the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of golgins in the Golgi apparatus?
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Which cellular component is formed as a result of Golgi apparatus activity?
Which cellular component is formed as a result of Golgi apparatus activity?
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Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus?
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What type of cells would you expect to contain numerous Golgi apparatus structures due to their secretory functions?
What type of cells would you expect to contain numerous Golgi apparatus structures due to their secretory functions?
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Polarity in the Golgi apparatus refers to what aspect?
Polarity in the Golgi apparatus refers to what aspect?
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Which process describes the addition of sulfate groups to molecules in the Golgi apparatus?
Which process describes the addition of sulfate groups to molecules in the Golgi apparatus?
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Which of the following would be a primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Which of the following would be a primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
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What is one of the roles of the Golgi apparatus in a secretory cell?
What is one of the roles of the Golgi apparatus in a secretory cell?
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Where does the Golgi apparatus send proteins destined for secretion?
Where does the Golgi apparatus send proteins destined for secretion?
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What unique function does the Golgi apparatus perform related to sperm cells?
What unique function does the Golgi apparatus perform related to sperm cells?
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Which type of vesicle does the Golgi apparatus use to recycle membranes?
Which type of vesicle does the Golgi apparatus use to recycle membranes?
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Which structure is formed in plant cells, involving the Golgi apparatus?
Which structure is formed in plant cells, involving the Golgi apparatus?
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Study Notes
Discovery
- Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi apparatus in 1898 using light microscopy
- He called it the internal reticular apparatus
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal showed its relation to secretory activity in 1914
- The first electron micrographs of the Golgi apparatus were produced around 1950
Morphology and Structure
- The Golgi apparatus consists of smooth membranous flattened cisternae, vesicles, tubules, and vacuoles.
- It is often located near the nucleus.
- The Golgi apparatus frequently forms a slightly curved stack.
Localization in the Cell
- Found in all cells except erythrocytes
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Location in the cell is variable, depending on the specific cell type
- Perinuclear: Neuron
- Supranuclear: Secretory cells (e.g., Goblet cells)
- Near the nucleus: Plasma cells
- At both sides of the nucleus: Muscular fibers, fibroblasts
- Throughout the cytoplasm: Hepatocytes, plant cells
Polarity and Compartments
- The Golgi apparatus has two distinct morphological and functional faces:
- The cis-face: The receiving side where proteins and lipids enter the Golgi
- The trans-face: The maturing and dispatching side of the Golgi
- It has five compartments: the cis-cisternae, medial cisternae and trans-cisternae, the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and the vesicles
- The Golgi apparatus is involved in post-translational modification of proteins and lipids.
Golgi Functions
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Primary Functions:
- Modification of newly synthesized proteins and lipids:Glycosylation, proteolysis, sulfation
- Sorting and distribution of macromolecules:
- To the plasma membrane (recycling of membranes)
- To lysosomes
- To secretory vesicles
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Specific examples of Golgi function:
- Formation of the acrosome (a specialized lysosome in sperm cells)
- Formation of the plant cell wall
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Description
Explore the fascinating structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, a critical organelle in cellular biology. This quiz covers its discovery, morphology, localization, and compartments. Test your knowledge on its role in secretory activity and variations in different cell types.