Cell Biology: Golgi Apparatus Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of the Golgi apparatus?

It is made up of multiple cisternae. (correct)

It is found only in nerve cells.

It consists of a single flat membrane.

It primarily functions in energy production.

How many dictyosomes are typically found in a hepatocyte?

100

50 (correct)

Which type of cell lacks a Golgi apparatus?

Neuron

Erythrocyte (correct)

Goblet cell

Plasma cell

In which localization is the Golgi apparatus found in secretory cells?

Supranuclear Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?

Camillo Golgi Signup and view all the answers

What did Cajal demonstrate about the Golgi apparatus in 1914?

Its relation to secretory activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?

It has a network of smooth membranous flattened cisternae Signup and view all the answers

What microscopy technique was first used to visualize the Golgi apparatus around 1950?

Transmission electron microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of the Golgi apparatus within a cell?

Near the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

In what type of cells did Golgi originally perform his observations?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What term did Golgi use to refer to the Golgi apparatus upon its discovery?

Internal reticular apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT associated with the Golgi apparatus?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the CIS face of the Golgi apparatus?

Formation of glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sugars is NOT directly mentioned as a part of the Golgi apparatus functions?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the TRANS face of the Golgi apparatus compared to the CIS face?

It is involved in the maturation of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What feature is characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?

Five compartments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of golgins in the Golgi apparatus?

Filamentous proteins capturing transport vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is formed as a result of Golgi apparatus activity?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells would you expect to contain numerous Golgi apparatus structures due to their secretory functions?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

Polarity in the Golgi apparatus refers to what aspect?

The orientation of its compartments Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the addition of sulfate groups to molecules in the Golgi apparatus?

Sulfation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be a primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Protein modification and sorting Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of the Golgi apparatus in a secretory cell?

Sorting and distribution of macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Golgi apparatus send proteins destined for secretion?

To secretory vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What unique function does the Golgi apparatus perform related to sperm cells?

Formation of the acrosome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vesicle does the Golgi apparatus use to recycle membranes?

Transport vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed in plant cells, involving the Golgi apparatus?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Discovery

Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi apparatus in 1898 using light microscopy
He called it the internal reticular apparatus
Santiago Ramón y Cajal showed its relation to secretory activity in 1914
The first electron micrographs of the Golgi apparatus were produced around 1950

Morphology and Structure

The Golgi apparatus consists of smooth membranous flattened cisternae, vesicles, tubules, and vacuoles.
It is often located near the nucleus.
The Golgi apparatus frequently forms a slightly curved stack.

Localization in the Cell

Found in all cells except erythrocytes
Location in the cell is variable, depending on the specific cell type
- Perinuclear: Neuron
- Supranuclear: Secretory cells (e.g., Goblet cells)
- Near the nucleus: Plasma cells
- At both sides of the nucleus: Muscular fibers, fibroblasts
- Throughout the cytoplasm: Hepatocytes, plant cells

Polarity and Compartments

The Golgi apparatus has two distinct morphological and functional faces:
- The cis-face: The receiving side where proteins and lipids enter the Golgi
- The trans-face: The maturing and dispatching side of the Golgi
It has five compartments: the cis-cisternae, medial cisternae and trans-cisternae, the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and the vesicles
The Golgi apparatus is involved in post-translational modification of proteins and lipids.

Golgi Functions

Primary Functions:
- Modification of newly synthesized proteins and lipids:Glycosylation, proteolysis, sulfation
- Sorting and distribution of macromolecules:
  - To the plasma membrane (recycling of membranes)
  - To lysosomes
  - To secretory vesicles
Specific examples of Golgi function:
- Formation of the acrosome (a specialized lysosome in sperm cells)
- Formation of the plant cell wall

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Description

Explore the fascinating structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, a critical organelle in cellular biology. This quiz covers its discovery, morphology, localization, and compartments. Test your knowledge on its role in secretory activity and variations in different cell types.