22 Questions
What is the primary site of glycans synthesis and attachment to proteins and lipids?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of glycan labels in the Golgi apparatus?
Direct specific proteins towards certain fates
What is the significance of glycosylation at the Golgi?
Important post-translational modification of proteins
What happens to Mannose-6-phosphate-tagged proteins in the Golgi?
Sequestered in the lysosome
Where do Mannose-6-phosphate-tagged proteins end up for degradation?
Lysosome
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Lysosomes function in organelle degradation and waste removal in the cell.
Briefly explain the process of phagocytosis.
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of large particles or cells by other cells. It involves the formation of a phagosome which fuses with a lysosome for digestion.
What is the main difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of large particles or cells, while pinocytosis is the ingestion of fluids and small particles.
How are macrophages involved in the process of phagocytosis?
Macrophages are immune cells specialized in phagocytosis, engulfing pathogens and cellular debris.
Why is organelle degradation important for the cell?
Organelle degradation is essential for removing damaged organelles and maintaining cellular health.
Explain the role of lysosomes in the cell.
Lysosomes are involved in the degradation of cellular waste and foreign material through the action of hydrolytic enzymes.
What is phagocytosis and how does it work?
Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where cells engulf large particles or other cells. It involves the formation of pseudopods that surround the material to be ingested.
Explain the process of organelle degradation in the cell.
Organelle degradation involves the engulfment of old or damaged organelles into vesicles, which then fuse with lysosomes for breakdown and recycling of their components.
What is the primary mechanism for handling transport of proteins and lipids through multiple compartments in the cell?
Vesicular transport
Describe the process of vesicular transport in terms of how vesicles are moved within the cell.
Vesicles are carried by motor proteins along microtubules of the cytoskeleton.
Explain the role of protein coats in vesicular transport and the steps involved in this process.
Protein coats help in vesicle formation by recruiting cargo molecules, initiating membrane curvature, and assisting in vesicle pinching off.
What differentiates the three types of vesicular transport indicated by red, green, and blue arrows?
Red arrow indicates secretory transport, green arrow indicates endocytic transport, and blue arrow indicates retrieval transport.
How are cargo molecules initially selected for packaging into vesicles during vesicular transport?
Cargo molecules bind to their receptors within the trans-Golgi membrane.
What is the optimal pH for hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes?
Around 4.5 - 5
Describe pinocytosis and its significance.
Pinocytosis involves the ingestion of plasma membrane and extracellular fluid for membrane turnover and environmental sampling.
What is the main difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is far more selective than pinocytosis.
What are the main targets of phagocytosis carried out by macrophages?
Pathogens, dead or dying cells, and cell debris.
Test your knowledge on the concepts of compartmentalization and material transport in cell biology. Learn about how organelles play a crucial role in separating metabolic activities and facilitating the movement of materials within the cell.
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