30 Questions
What is the thickness of microtubules?
25 nm
How many protofilaments typically compose a microtubule?
13
Which end of the microtubule has a-tubulin exposed?
Minus end
What type of tubulin is involved in the polymerization and organization of microtubules in the cell?
γ-tubulin
How many molecules of GTP does each tubulin monomer bind?
1
What drives the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules?
Hydrolysis of GTP on B-tubulin monomer
What is responsible for cilia and flagella movement?
Dynein
What do nuclear pores facilitate the transport of?
Histones and DNA-polymerase
What is the function of the nuclear lamina?
Maintains the nucleus's shape
Which component is active during interphase for DNA transcription to mRNA?
Nucleolus
Which type of blood cells belong to the white blood cells?
Granulocytes
What is the primary function of myosin in sarcomere movement?
Moves thick filaments towards the center of the sarcomere
Which organelle is responsible for proteins exiting from the trans side and entering from the cis side?
Golgi apparatus
What type of necrosis is characterized by a cheese-like appearance?
Caseous
Which cells originate from the common myeloid progenitor?
Macrophages
What process do peroxisomes use to break down fatty acids?
Beta-oxidation
How does the influenza virus enter the cell?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What type of cells can undergo meiosis?
Egg and sperm cells
What is the process involved in microtubule assembly and disassembly?
Dynamic instability and treadmilling
What is the role of centrosomes during interphase?
Act as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs)
What are basal bodies formed from and what is their function?
Formed from centrioles, involved in the formation of flagella and cilia
What is the composition of centrioles and basal bodies?
Composed of nine triplets of microtubules
Which molecular motors are associated with microtubules?
Kinesins and dyneins
How can microtubules change in length?
By adding or removing heterodimers
Which organelle synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol for new cellular membranes?
Smooth ER
What maintains acidic pH in cells using a proton pump and ATP hydrolysis?
Lysosomes
Which proteins bind to LDL receptors for internalization in cells?
Apo-B proteins
What gives electrons to the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
Which filaments are associated with muscle and endothelial cells?
Desmin filaments and vimentins
What inhibits spindle fiber formation in cells?
Microtubule poison
Study Notes
Cell Biology Key Points
- Nuclear lamina proteins fix interphase chromosomes and nuclear pore complex proteins.
- Smooth ER synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol for new cellular membranes.
- The lumen of ER is continuous with the perinuclear space and cytoplasm.
- Lysosomes maintain acidic pH using a proton pump and ATP hydrolysis.
- Microtubules have plus and minus ends, with microtubule-associated proteins forming the aster.
- Chromosomes are most condensed in anaphase and second most in metaphase.
- Microtubule poison inhibits spindle fiber formation in cells.
- Apo-B proteins in LDL particles bind to LDL receptors for internalization.
- NADH and FADH2 give electrons to the electron transport chain.
- SMACs bind to inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) to allow apoptosis to proceed.
- Mitosis and meiosis involve changes in chromosome structure.
- Desmin filaments and vimentins are associated with muscle and endothelial cells.
Test your knowledge of cell biology with this quiz covering key points such as nuclear lamina proteins, smooth ER function, lysosome maintenance, microtubule structure, chromosome condensation, LDL particle binding, electron transport chain, apoptosis regulation, and the role of desmin filaments and vimentins in cells.
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