Cartilage and Bone Anatomy Quiz

Connective tissue.

Support and protection.

Bones that develop within tendons; the patella is an example.

<p>They store calcium and phosphate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollow bones containing air pockets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By acting as a lever system for muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences bone production, fat storage, and stimulates insulin production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone; examples include the skull and ribs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bones with varied shapes, found in the vertebrae and some facial bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective, epithelial, and nervous tissue; they enable various bone functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoclasts break down bones by dissolving the calcified cartilage and allowing for new bone formation by osteoblasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification involves the transformation of hyaline cartilage into bone, where chondrocytes proliferate, die, and are replaced by osteoblasts that form new bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intramembranous ossification occurs directly within mesenchymal or connective tissue, while endochondral ossification involves a cartilage precursor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epiphyseal plate allows for the lengthening of bones during childhood and adolescence as chondrocytes proliferate and produce new cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, producing bone matrix that results in bone thickness increase and formation of new ridges around blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix and are responsible for mineralizing it, which leads to the formation of new bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocytes enlarge and produce a calcified matrix before dying due to the lack of nutrients as the matrix becomes hardened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endosteum is a thin membrane lining the inner surface of the bone, formed from the periosteum during bone thickness growth, and is vital for new bone formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three major types of cartilage are hyaline cartilage found in joints, fibrocartilage that resists compression such as in intervertebral discs, and elastic cartilage which provides flexibility found in structures like the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bones are considered organs because they are made up of multiple tissue types, including bone tissue, cartilage, blood vessels, and nerves, all working together to support and protect the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classifications are long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g., carpals), flat bones (e.g., skull), and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extracellular matrix in bone tissue consists primarily of collagen fibers and mineral deposits, primarily hydroxyapatite, which provide tensile strength and rigidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intramembranous ossification occurs directly from mesenchymal tissue, forming flat bones like the skull, while endochondral ossification involves cartilage being replaced by bone, typical in long bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A typical long bone has a diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), and is comprised of both compact and spongy bone with a marrow cavity in the center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression lines are oriented to resist compressive forces, while tension lines are oriented to resist tensile forces, ensuring bones can withstand various loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main divisions are the axial skeleton (e.g., skull, vertebrae) and the appendicular skeleton (e.g., femur, humerus).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perichondrium is composed of an outer layer of fibroblasts and an inner layer of chondroblasts, serving as a supportive layer for cartilage and assisting in growth and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage contains large bundles of collagen for increased durability, enabling it to resist both compression and tension, while hyaline cartilage has a more homogeneous gel-like matrix suitable for smooth movement in joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxyapatite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and initiate calcification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoclasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the weight of bones and supports red bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone is organized into osteons or Haversian systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer fibrous layer and the inner cellular layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteocytes maintain bone health and metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers provide elasticity and a framework for mineral crystal formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trabecular bone has no central canal and consists of trabeculae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteogenic cells are unspecialized bone cells found in the endosteum and periosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The periosteum isolates and protects the bone, provides a route for blood and nerve supply, participates in bone growth and repair, and attaches the bone to the connective tissue network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endosteum, a single layer of osteoprogenitor cells, plays an active role in bone growth and remodeling by covering trabeculae and the central canal of osteons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphysis receives blood through a nutrient foramen which usually leads to a nutrient artery and nutrient vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone is thicker in areas subjected to greater forces, while spongy bone is organized to handle multidirectional tension, adapting to stress efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface markings provide anchor points for tendons and ligaments, adapting to the forces of tension and compression as muscles are used.</p> Signup and view all the answers