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Care of Client with Endocrine Disorders
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Care of Client with Endocrine Disorders

Created by
@TrustyFantasy

Questions and Answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation and testosterone production?

  • TSH
  • LH (correct)
  • FSH
  • ACTH

    • The anterior pituitary is responsible for storing hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

    False

    What hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating breast milk production after birth?

    Prolactin

    The hormone __________ stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol in response to stress.

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their functions:

    <p>ADH = Regulates water balance Oxytocin = Contracting uterus during labor TSH = Stimulates thyroid hormone production GH = Stimulates growth in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments can inhibit growth hormone release?

    <p>Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decreased ADH levels result in the ability to concentrate urine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from a deficiency of ADH?

    <p>Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess ADH leads to __________ fluid retention.

    <p>excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptoms to the condition they are associated with:

    <p>Dehydration, confusion = Diabetes Insipidus Excess fluid retention = SIADH Excessive thirst, polyuria = Diabetes Insipidus Tachycardia, hypotension = Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of central Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Head trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypernatremia can be a complication of Diabetes Insipidus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one medication that can cause nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Decrease glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Juice and stress can increase blood glucose levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in patients with diabetes to manage their condition effectively?

    <p>Blood glucose and urine ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended _____ for moderate to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for adults with diabetes is 150 minutes per week.

    <p>duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of insulin with its administration details:

    <p>Rapid = Give when food is about to be eaten in 10 mins Regular/short acting = Give 30 mins before food NPH = Give 30-60 mins before meals and at night Long-acting = Lasts 24 hours with no significant peak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication of using an insulin pump?

    <p>Increased physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plate method suggests that half of a plate should be filled with carbohydrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common class of oral antidiabetic medications used for diabetes management?

    <p>Biguanides (metformin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is an essential factor in diabetes treatment that helps lower blood glucose levels and promotes health.

    <p>Physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in starting oral medications for diabetes?

    <p>Start at a low dose and increase gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target glucose range for most patients managing hyperglycemia?

    <p>140-180</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic ketoacidosis is more commonly seen in Type 2 diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two symptoms to recognize in a patient experiencing hyperglycemia.

    <p>thirst, fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diabetic ketoacidosis, patients experience __________ and __________ loss.

    <p>dehydration, electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diabetic symptoms with their characteristics:

    <p>Polydipsia = Excessive thirst Polyuria = Frequent urination Kussmaul breathing = Deep, rapid breathing Fruity breath = Odor associated with acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Missed dose of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with DKA should eliminate insulin if they have nausea and vomiting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for managing diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>rehydration and electrolyte replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Administer __________ slowly in diabetic ketoacidosis to inhibit fat breakdown.

    <p>insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should blood glucose levels be measured in a patient with DKA?

    <p>Every hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classic sign of Cushing’s Syndrome?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes Mellitus can be caused by inadequate production of insulin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cushing’s Syndrome can arise from a pituitary tumor or the use of certain ______.

    <p>medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of diabetes with their descriptions:

    <p>Type 1 = Inadequate production of insulin Type 2 = Insulin resistance Prediabetes = Blood sugar levels between normal and diabetes Gestational = Diabetes that develops during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments may be used for Cushing’s Syndrome caused by a pituitary tumor?

    <p>Surgery to remove the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals with Type 2 diabetes are overweight.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal when managing diabetes?

    <p>Maintaining blood glucose levels within normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fasting plasma glucose level of ___ mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.

    <p>126</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Sudden weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polydipsia refers to an increased appetite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary modifications may help manage gestational diabetes?

    <p>Diet modification and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Cushing’s Syndrome, the body tends to retain ___ and ___ resulting in hypertension.

    <p>sodium, water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the diabetes management strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Education = Understanding the disease and its management Medication = Drugs to control blood sugar levels Diet and nutrition = Healthy eating to maintain blood glucose Physical activity = Exercise to improve insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Endocrine Disorders Overview

    • Common disorders: Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, and Diabetes Mellitus.

    Endocrine System and Hormones

    • Hypothalamus: Base of skull, connects to endocrine system via stalk (nerves and blood vessels) for hormone transport.

    Pituitary Gland Hormones

    Anterior Pituitary

    • ACTH: Stimulates adrenal cortisol production, regulates metabolism, BP, blood glucose.
    • FSH: Promotes sperm production (AMAB) and egg development (AFAB).
    • GH: Stimulates growth, maintains muscle and bone health in adults.
    • LH: Triggers ovulation and testosterone production.
    • PRL: Induces breast milk production and affects fertility.
    • TSH: Stimulates production of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) to manage metabolism.

    Posterior Pituitary

    • ADH (Vasopressin): Regulates water balance; deficiency leads to dehydration.
    • Oxytocin: Facilitates childbirth and promotes parental bonding.

    Diabetes Insipidus

    • Characterized by deficient ADH leading to excessive urine output and thirst.
    • Types:
      • Central: Caused by brain injury or tumors.
      • Nephrogenic: Kidney's resistance to ADH, possibly due to medications.
    • Symptoms: Dehydration, confusion, and dry mucous membranes.
    • Assessment includes polyuria, tachycardia, and laboratory tests (low urine osmolality; high blood osmolality).

    Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

    • Excess ADH leads to fluid retention.
    • Causes: tumors, head traumas, certain medications.
    • Complications include potential circulatory shock.

    Cushing’s Syndrome/Disease

    • Increased adrenal cortex hormones from various causes (medications, tumors).
    • Symptoms: Central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, skin changes, depression.
    • Treatment may involve medication adjustments or surgery.

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

    • Chronic condition with two primary types:
      • Type 1: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
      • Type 2: Insulin resistance with impaired insulin secretion.
    • Gestational diabetes appears during pregnancy.
    • Symptoms: Increased urination, thirst, appetite, fatigue, and recurrent infections.

    Blood Glucose Levels

    • Normal: 70-99 mg/dL; Prediabetes: 100-125 mg/dL; Diabetes: ≥126 mg/dL.
    • Random blood sugar: <125 mg/dL normal; ≥200 mg/dL indicates diabetes.

    Complications of DM

    • Neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease), retinopathy (eye disease).

    Diabetes Management

    • Education: Understanding diabetes, monitoring blood glucose, recognizing complications.
    • Medications: Insulin mainly for Type 1; oral agents for Type 2.
    • Diet: Emphasizes a balanced approach using the plate method.
    • Physical Activity: 150+ minutes of moderate exercise per week.

    Hyperglycemia Management

    • Insulin therapy initiated for blood sugar levels of 180 mg/dL or higher.
    • Recognition of symptoms like excessive thirst, fatigue, and vision changes.

    Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

    • Common in Type 1; caused by insulin insufficiency, illness, or untreated diabetes.
    • Symptoms: Hyperglycemia, dehydration, fruity breath, fatigue, nausea.
    • Treatment includes rehydration, electrolyte replacement, and slow administration of insulin.

    Prevention of Acute Complications

    • Follow "sick day rules" regarding insulin usage during illness.
    • Stay hydrated and monitor glucose frequently during acute illness.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essentials of client care related to various endocrine disorders including pituitary, thyroid, adrenal disorders, and diabetes mellitus. Test your knowledge on hormone functions, the hypothalamus, and the roles of the pituitary and pineal glands in the endocrine system.

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