Questions and Answers
What condition is characterized by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood?
What is Addison disease?
Hyposecretion of cortical hormone from the adrenal cortex, resulting in muscle weakness, reduced blood sugar, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
Which condition is characterized by a low metabolic rate and retarded growth due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones?
Cushing syndrome involves hypersecretion of glucocorticoids.
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What is diabetes insipidus?
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What causes dwarfism?
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What is exophthalmos?
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What is gigantism?
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What condition results in excess glucose being filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?
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What causes a goiter?
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What is Graves disease?
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What is hypercalcemia?
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What is hyperglycemia?
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What is hypersecretion?
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What is hyperthyroidism?
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What is hypoglycemia?
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What is hyposecretion?
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What is hypothyroidism?
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What is myxedema?
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What is pharmacology?
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What is a polyendocrine disorder?
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What is a prolactinoma?
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What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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What is a virilizing tumor?
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Study Notes
Acromegaly
- Caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary in adulthood.
- Results in enlargement of bones in hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks.
Addison Disease
- Results from hyposecretion of cortical hormones from the adrenal cortex.
- Symptoms include muscle weakness, low blood sugar, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
Cretinism
- Caused by hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during formative years.
- Characterized by low metabolic rate, impaired growth and sexual development, and possible mental retardation.
Cushing Syndrome
- Caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
- Notable symptoms include a "moon face," buffalo hump on the upper back, elevated blood sugar levels, and increased infections.
Diabetes Insipidus
- Caused by hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland.
- Symptoms include excessive urination, intense thirst, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
Dwarfism
- Result of hyposecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary during growth years.
- Individuals have a normal body frame but are smaller in overall size.
Exophthalmos
- Characterized by prominent, protruding eyes.
- Commonly associated with Graves' disease due to hyperthyroidism.
Gigantism
- Caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary during childhood.
- Leads to significantly taller adult stature.
Glycosuria
- Refers to the presence of excess glucose in urine.
- Commonly occurs in diabetes mellitus.
Goiter
- Caused by low dietary iodine intake leading to thyroid gland enlargement.
- Associated with hypothyroidism.
Graves Disease
- Inherited condition characterized by hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos.
Hypercalcemia
- Defined as excess calcium in the blood.
- Often due to hypersecretion of calcitonin hormone from the thyroid gland.
Hyperglycemia
- Higher than normal blood glucose levels.
- Can result from excessive growth hormone, which increases glucose production.
Hypersecretion
- Refers to excessive production of hormones by glands.
Hyperthyroidism
- Involves overproduction of thyroid hormones, increasing metabolic rate.
- Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, restlessness, and possible exophthalmos.
Hypoglycemia
- Lower than normal blood glucose levels.
- Frequently caused by excessive insulin in the bloodstream.
Hyposecretion
- Describes insufficient production of hormones by glands.
Hypothyroidism
- Underproduction of thyroid hormones.
- Can lead to conditions such as goiter, cretinism, and myxedema.
Myxedema
- Occurs later in life due to thyroid hormone deficiency.
- Symptoms include low metabolic rate, fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, and puffiness under the eyes.
Pharmacology
- The study of drugs and their effects on the body.
Polyendocrine Disorder
- Involves hyper- or hyposecretion of multiple hormones simultaneously.
Prolactinoma
- A noncancerous pituitary tumor causing hypersecretion of prolactin (PRL).
- Symptoms include headaches, changes in vision, lethargy, and nausea, along with breast tenderness, abnormal lactation, infertility, and reduced sexual interest.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Results from insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.
- Leads to elevated blood glucose levels due to poor glucose uptake in cells.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Originates from abnormalities with insulin receptors or their signaling, impairing insulin action.
- Results in elevated blood glucose levels.
Virilizing Tumor
- Located in the adrenal cortex and causes hypersecretion of adrenal androgens.
- Results in masculinizing effects, particularly in women.
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Description
This quiz explores various endocrine disorders such as Acromegaly, Addison Disease, Cretinism, Cushing Syndrome, and Diabetes Insipidus. Understand the causes, symptoms, and impacts of these conditions related to hormone secretion. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of these critical health issues.
