Cardiovascular System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of a typical medium-sized artery contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers?

  • Tunica adventitia
  • Tunica media (correct)
  • Internal elastic lamina
  • Tunica intima

    • The primary function of capillaries within the cardiovascular system is to facilitate what?

  • Support muscle contractions in veins
  • Carry excess interstitial fluid
  • Exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissues (correct)
  • Transport blood to the heart

    • Which tunic is characterized by the presence of loose connective tissue and contractile cells called myointimal cells?

  • Tunica adventitia
  • Tunica media
  • External elastic lamina
  • Tunica intima (correct)

    • What prevents the distensibility of veins within the tunica media?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymphatics in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Filtering lymph through lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the tunica adventitia?

    <p>Elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lymphatic system assist in circulation without a central pump?

    <p>Through muscular contractions and peripheral tissue movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of blood vessels acts as a barrier for the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen?

    <p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily defines muscular arteries compared to elastic arteries?

    <p>Lower elasticity and more smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers of smooth muscle cells are typically found in big muscular arteries?

    <p>20-30 layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the autonomic nervous system play in the control of blood pressure?

    <p>It guides the contraction of smooth muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the tunica media of muscular arteries?

    <p>Concentric organization of smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of smooth muscle contraction on blood pressure?

    <p>It maintains a constant blood pressure by regulating vessel tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the overall structure of arterioles?

    <p>They have a diameter smaller than 0.1 mm and are primarily resistance vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential cause of hypertension related to blood vessel function?

    <p>Decreased pumping efficiency of the heart or contractile activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the external elastic lamina in small muscular arteries?

    <p>It disappears entirely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason veins are referred to as capacitance or reservoir vessels?

    <p>They store a significant amount of blood, approximately 60% of the body's total.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of veins primarily assists with blood flow against gravity due to their thicker walls and smooth muscles?

    <p>Propulsive veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do veins differ from arteries in terms of wall structure?

    <p>Arteries have more visible tunica layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of postcapillary venules distinguishes them from other venule types?

    <p>They are highly permeable and permit the passage of fluids and WBC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do valves play in larger veins?

    <p>They prevent the backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes muscular venules?

    <p>They contain 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does histamine have on postcapillary venules?

    <p>It increases permeability, allowing fluids and WBC to pass into tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of veins is false?

    <p>Veins have a thicker tunica media compared to arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in septic shock due to bacterial toxins in the bloodstream?

    <p>Increased capillary permeability allows fluid to leak into tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During vasoconstriction in the capillaries, what happens to the tissue fluids?

    <p>Tissue fluids move into the capillaries due to increased pressure difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial response of the body in case of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Vasoconstriction at the periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can contribute to a decrease in blood volume leading to hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Severe burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vasodilation have on blood flow in the capillary bed?

    <p>It causes an increase in blood flow and pressure within the capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism leading to localized edema?

    <p>Venous or lymphatic obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes shock?

    <p>A syndrome resulting from inadequate tissue perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Vasodilation due to loss of vasomotor tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying condition is often associated with generalised edema?

    <p>Cardiac or renal origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do DAMPs play in cellular injury during shock?

    <p>They aggravate inflammation and further damage cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of anaphylactic shock?

    <p>General vasodilation leading to hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to contribute to impaired lymph transport?

    <p>Increased blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a common cause of fluid accumulation leading to edema?

    <p>Increased interstitial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of fibroelastic tissue within the valves of veins?

    <p>To provide structural stability to the valve's semilunar projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the tunica adventitia in medium-sized veins?

    <p>It is the thickest layer and made of longitudinally oriented collagenous fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In large veins, what purpose do the longitudinally oriented bundles of smooth muscle cells serve?

    <p>To propel blood towards the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of atypical veins, such as venous sinuses?

    <p>They possess extremely thin walls and are often found near organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes varicose veins?

    <p>They are abnormally tortuous and dilated veins that can appear superficially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymphatic vessels?

    <p>To drain excess extracellular fluid rich in proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a location where lymphatic capillaries are absent?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells can be found within lymphatic vessels?

    <p>A mix of lymphocytes and cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System

    • A closed system of endothelial tubes, with connective tissue and smooth muscle.
    • Purpose is to perfuse the capillary beds, bringing blood to organs.
    • Major vessel types: arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics.
      • Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
      • Veins carry blood toward the heart.
      • Capillaries are sites for exchange between blood and tissue.
      • Lymphatics collect excess interstitial fluid and carry it to the heart, they have lymph nodes along the path.

    Vessel Structure (Tunics)

    • Three layers (tunics): tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia.
      • Tunica Intima: Innermost layer; endothelium, basement membrane, and a lamina propria (sub-endothelial layer).
        • Contains myointimal cells (contractile cells, particularly in large vessels), fibroblasts (produce collagen, elastin), phagocytic cells, and elastic fibers.
        • Internal elastic lamina separates intima from the media.
      • Tunica Media: Middle layer; primarily smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) with elastic and collagen fibers.
        • Elastic fibers provide elasticity and support.
        • Smooth muscle cells regulate vessel diameter (vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
        • External elastic lamina separates media from the adventitia.
      • Tunica Adventitia: Outermost layer; primarily connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers).
        • Contains nerves and blood vessels (vasa vasorum) that supply the vessel wall itself.
        • Smooth muscle cells may be present, especially in larger vessels.

    Types of Arteries

    • Elastic arteries (conducting arteries):
      • Large vessels near the heart (e.g., aorta).
      • Thick walls with high elastin content for pressure regulation.
    • Muscular arteries (distributing arteries):
      • Medium-sized vessels distributing blood to specific organs.
      • More smooth muscle, less elastin than elastic arteries helping with vasoconstriction and dilation.
    • Arterioles:
      • Smallest arteries, control blood flow into capillaries.
      • Primarily smooth muscle, little elastin, regulate blood flow to capillary beds.

    Capillaries

    • Microscopic vessels with thin walls (single layer of endothelial cells).
    • Site of exchange between blood and tissues (nutrients, waste products, gases).
    • Types: continuous (brain, muscles), fenestrated (kidneys, intestines), sinusoidal (liver, bone marrow).
    • Supported by pericytes that help regulate vessel tone.

    Veins

    • Carry blood back to the heart.
    • Lower pressure than arteries.
    • Thinner walls than arteries.
    • Higher capacitance (able to hold more blood).
    • Contain valves to prevent backflow.
    • Postcapillary venules: smallest veins that receive blood from capillaries, a porous endothelium.
    • Muscular venules and medium-sized veins have smooth muscle in their tunica media and adventitia.

    Lymphatics

    • Network of vessels that collects excess interstitial fluid (lymph) and return it to the circulatory system.
    • Begins as blind-ended capillaries.
    • Lymph flows through lymph nodes which contain immune cells filtering the lymph.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the cardiovascular system, focusing on its structure and function. Dive into the details of vessel types, layers of vessel structure, and their roles in blood circulation. This quiz is perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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