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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin as an antiarrhythmic agent?
Which drug is not commonly used to treat ventricular tachycardia?
What is the optimal time for a patient to take statins to maximize their effectiveness?
What is the primary way bile acid sequestrants lower cholesterol levels?
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Which parameter is crucial for monitoring in patients taking statins, given the risk of certain adverse effects?
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If a patient experiences muscle pain and weakness after starting atorvastatin, what serious side effect should be considered?
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What factor is most critical in determining the use of thrombolytic agents in an ischemic stroke patient?
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After administering a thrombolytic agent, what assessment finding indicates the need for immediate intervention?
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When should atorvastatin be taken for optimal effectiveness?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of heparin in preventing clot formation?
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of taking atorvastatin for a patient with high cholesterol?
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What might be a reason for a doctor to prescribe atorvastatin to a patient?
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When transitioning a patient from heparin to warfarin, what is a significant nursing consideration?
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In what way do bile acid sequestrants affect cholesterol levels?
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What nursing response would be best when a patient on heparin reports minor bruising?
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During a patient's treatment with thrombolytic agents, which condition should the nurse be particularly cautious of?
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What is the primary reason nasal steroids are used in treating congestion?
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What is a common side effect associated with traditional antihistamines?
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Why should antitussives not be recommended for a chronic productive cough?
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What is the primary biological reason for worsening congestion after prolonged use of oxymetazoline?
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What is the primary action of benzonatate as an antitussive drug?
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How does benzonatate exert its effects in the respiratory system?
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What is a potential consequence of misusing nasal decongestants like oxymetazoline?
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What important nursing consideration should be taken when managing a patient with a productive cough?
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What is the primary reason for Jasmine's increased risk of developing edema due to her liver disease?
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Which finding would best support the suspicion of dysfunction in Jasmine's renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
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What adverse effect should be monitored in Jasmine while she is on acetazolamide (Diamox) for her glaucoma?
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Which diuretic should Nurse Gian prepare to administer for rapid fluid removal in Jasmine's acute pulmonary edema?
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What laboratory value would indicate a potential adverse effect of spironolactone in Jasmine's treatment?
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In assessing Jasmine's condition, which of the following symptoms might indicate a complication related to her diuretic therapy?
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What is a common effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) when it is activated?
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Which of the following could be a sign of dehydration due to diuretic use in Jasmine?
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What is the primary mechanism by which benzonatate alleviates coughing?
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How can a nurse effectively assess a patient's understanding of benzonatate administration?
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Which statement correctly describes a function of corticosteroids?
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When managing asthma, what is the correct order of administration for a bronchodilator and a corticosteroid?
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Which of the following statements about corticosteroids is FALSE?
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What role does a bronchodilator play in treating asthma?
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In what circumstance should corticosteroids be administered for asthma?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between bronchodilators and corticosteroids in asthma management?
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Study Notes
Digoxin
- Increases the force of myocardial contractions by increasing intracellular calcium levels
- Used to treat certain types of arrhythmias
Antiarrhythmic agents
- Lidocaine, Amiodarone, and Procainamide are used to treat ventricular rhythms
- Adenosine not typically used to treat ventricular rhythms
Bile Acid Sequestrants
- Lower cholesterol by binding bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption
Atorvastatin
- Potential side effect: Rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain and weakness)
- Best time to take: Evening, as cholesterol synthesis in the liver is highest at night
- Monitor: Liver enzyme levels and muscle pain
Thrombolytic agents
- Administered within 3 to 4.5 hours after onset of symptoms for ischemic stroke
- Delayed administration increases the risk of complications
- Sudden onset of severe headache after administration may indicate a hemorrhagic complication
Heparin
- Binds to antithrombin III, enhancing its ability to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa, preventing clot formation
Liver Disease and Edema
- Reduced production of plasma proteins, leading to decreased oncotic pressure and fluid accumulation in tissues
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Active RAAS leads to sodium and water retention, contributing to increased blood pressure
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
- Adverse effects: Hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis
Diuretics
- Furosemide: Preferred choice for rapid fluid removal in cases of acute pulmonary edema
Spironolactone
- Adverse effect: Hyperkalemia, especially when combined with other medications
- Related complication: Confusion and headache
Nasal Steroids
- Inhibit the coughing instinct
- Reduce swelling in the nasal passages
Antihistamines
- Typical adverse reaction: Sedation
Cough Suppressants
- Should not be used for productive coughs
Oxymetazoline nasal spray
- Prolonged vasoconstriction from overuse leads to rebound congestion
Benzonatate
- Suppresses the cough reflex by numbing the throat and lungs
Corticosteroids
- Inhibits the immune system and decreases swelling
Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
- Administer the bronchodilator first, allowing the corticosteroid to work more effectively
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Description
Test your knowledge on key cardiovascular drugs including digoxin, antiarrhythmic agents, bile acid sequestrants, and thrombolytics. This quiz covers mechanism of action, uses, potential side effects, and important administration guidelines. Perfect for students of pharmacology or healthcare professionals!
