18 Questions
What is the primary action of quinine on the heart?
Decrease automaticity
What is the effect of quinidine on the heart?
Depresses cardiac function
What is the class of anti-arrhythmic drug that quinidine belongs to?
Class I (Na+ channel blockers)
What is the name of the prototype drug that is a B-Adrenoceptor blocker?
Propranolol
What is the brand name of the drug Verapamil?
Calan Tab.
What is the term for an abnormal cardiac rhythm?
Arrhythmia
What is the primary mechanism of action of quinidine?
Blocks sodium channels
What is the dominant effect of amiodarone on the cardiac action potential?
Prolongation of the refractory period
What is the common side effect of quinidine?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
What is the therapeutic use of quinidine?
Treatment of a wide variety of arrhythmias
What is the characteristic of amiodarone's structure?
It contains iodine and is related to thyroxin
What is the rate of absorption of quinidine after oral administration?
Rapid and almost complete
What is the primary cause of symptoms in variant angina?
Decreased blood flow to the heart muscles due to coronary artery spasm
Which type of drugs is commonly used to relieve variant angina?
Coronary vasodilators
What is the primary mechanism of action of nitroglycerine in relieving angina symptoms?
Relaxation of coronary arteries, increasing blood flow
What is the effect of nitroglycerine on myocardial oxygen demand?
Rapid reduction in myocardial oxygen demand
What is the primary reason why nitroglycerine is administered sublingually or via a transdermal patch?
It has significant first pass metabolism
What is the conversion pathway of nitroglycerine in relaxing vascular smooth muscle?
Intracellular conversion to nitrite ions and then to nitric oxide
Test your knowledge of cardiovascular medications, including nitroglycerine, propranolol, and verapamil, as well as their adverse effects and uses in treating arrhythmias. Understand the different types of arrhythmias and their symptoms.
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