41 Questions
What is the significance of a slight tracheal deviation?
It can only be detected by palpation
What is the primary indicator of Jugular Venous Pressure?
Jugular Venous Distension
What is the classic sign of venous hypertension?
Elevated JVP
What does a paradoxical increase in JVP during inspiration indicate?
Reduced right ventricular filling
What is a cause of right heart failure, if it is caused by lung disease?
Cor pulmonale
What is the result of accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space?
Cardiac tamponade
What is the term for an increase in arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure with many causes?
Hyperdynamic circulation
What is the significance of being able to detect only slight tracheal deviation by palpation?
It requires a more thorough examination of the patient
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial space?
Cardiac tamponade
What is the primary purpose of observing Jugular Venous Distension in a patient?
To determine the level of pressure in the venous system
A patient with an elevated JVP is most likely to have which of the following conditions?
Venous hypertension
What is the term for the abnormal increase in JVP during inspiration?
Kussmaul's sign
Which of the following is NOT a cause of an elevated JVP?
Tachycardia
What is the significance of a normal JVP decreasing during spontaneous inspiration?
It is a normal physiological response
What is the outcome of a palpation of a patient's trachea that reveals a slight deviation?
Identification of a pulmonary problem
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decrease in jugular venous pressure during spontaneous inspiration?
Normal subjects
What is the significance of an elevated jugular venous pressure in a patient?
A classic sign of venous hypertension
Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of an elevated jugular venous pressure?
Normal cardiac function
What is the significance of a paradoxical increase in jugular venous pressure during inspiration?
A reduced right ventricular filling
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial space?
Cardiac tamponade
What is the primary purpose of observing Jugular Venous Distension in a patient when the head is elevated to 45º?
To assess Jugular Venous Pressure
What is the purpose of asking the patient to hold their breath or perform a Valsalva maneuver during the abdominojugular reflux test?
To increase intrathoracic pressure and give a false negative result
What is the recommended position of the patient during the abdominojugular reflux test?
Supine with the head elevated to 45 degrees
How long should the physician press on the upper middle quadrant of the abdomen during the abdominojugular reflux test?
10 seconds to 1 minute
What is the pressure applied to the abdomen during the abdominojugular reflux test?
30-40 mmHg
What is the indicator of a positive abdominojugular reflux test?
JVP level increases >3 cm above the baseline
Why is it recommended to avoid pressing directly over the liver during the abdominojugular reflux test?
It may cause discomfort to the patient
What is the purpose of observing the height of the blood column and pulsations in the right jugular veins during quiet breathing?
To determine the patient's baseline jugular venous pressure
What is the typical range of the normal thoracic spinal curve?
20 to 40°
What is the term for an abnormal curvature of the spine >40 to 45°?
Hyperkyphosis
What is the characteristic of postural kyphosis?
It can be self-corrected by the patient
What is the complication of kyphosis that can interfere with multiple body functions?
Pulmonary restriction
What is the condition that occurs when kyphosis develops in addition to scoliosis?
Kyphoscoliosis
What is the characteristic of Pectus excavatum?
The sternum is pushed inward
What is the approximate incidence of pectus excavatum in live births?
1 in 300-400
What is the likely cause of hyperlordosis in patients with neuromuscular conditions?
Weakness or spasm in muscles near the hips
What is the name of the normal curvature of the spine in the cervical and lumbar regions?
Lordosis
What is the percentage of pectus excavatum cases that occur in families with a history of the deformity?
35%
What is the likely consequence of severe pectus excavatum?
Serious impairment of heart and lung function
What is the usual treatment for pectus excavatum?
Surgery
What is the term for excessive curvature of the spine?
Hyperlordosis
Test your knowledge of cardiovascular assessment techniques, including tracheal deviation and jugular venous pressure. Learn how to detect abnormalities and indicators of cardiac and pulmonary problems. Assess your understanding of these vital signs in patient care.
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