16 Questions
Which artery should be assessed to evaluate aortic pulsations in patients with carotid obstruction?
Brachial artery
What could absent or diminished pulses in the wrist indicate?
Arterial occlusive disease
Where should the stethoscope be placed when auscultating heart sounds arising from the aortic valve in an adult patient?
Between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border
What risk factor is associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
History of smoking
Where should the stethoscope be placed to auscultate heart sounds from the pulmonic valve in an adult?
Between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border
Which symptom is not associated with orthostatic hypotension?
Respiratory rate greater than 30
What does the ankle-brachial index assess the risk for?
Peripheral artery disease
What may the presence of a third heart sound (S3) in a forty-five-year-old indicate?
Valvular heart disease
What does the presence of heart sound S3 in older adults suggest?
Heart failure
What condition is likely in a pediatric patient presenting with erythema marginatum, chorea, and a heart murmur?
Rheumatic heart disease
What symptom is suggestive of pericarditis?
Sharp, knifelike chest pain radiating to the shoulder and neck
What indicates portal hypertension in a patient with cirrhosis?
Splenomegaly
Which of the following is not a classic structural defect of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Atrial septal defect
At what age range should men be screened yearly for hypertension?
40-64 years
What can hemodynamic changes in children with structural heart defects lead to?
Heart failure due to volume and pressure overload
What condition is likely in a three-week-old infant presenting with a generalized lacy, reticulated blue discoloration of the skin?
Cutis marmorata
Study Notes
Cardiovascular Assessment and Heart Sounds Summary
- To auscultate heart sounds from the pulmonic valve in an adult, place the stethoscope between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
- Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include all but respiratory rate greater than 30.
- Ankle-brachial index is used to assess risk for peripheral artery disease.
- A third heart sound (S3) in a forty-five-year-old may be a sign of valvular heart disease.
- The presence of heart sound S3 in older adults suggests heart failure.
- A pediatric patient presenting with erythema marginatum, chorea, and a heart murmur likely has rheumatic heart disease.
- Sharp, knifelike chest pain radiating to the shoulder and neck is suggestive of pericarditis.
- A patient with cirrhosis develops portal hypertension as indicated by splenomegaly.
- The four classic structural defects of Tetralogy of Fallot include ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Men between 40 and 64 years should be screened yearly for hypertension.
- Hemodynamic changes in children with structural heart defects can lead to heart failure due to volume and pressure overload.
- A three-week-old infant presenting with a generalized lacy, reticulated blue discoloration of the skin likely has cutis marmorata.
Test your knowledge of cardiovascular assessment and heart sounds with this quiz. Learn about auscultation techniques, symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, pediatric heart conditions, signs of portal hypertension, and more.
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