Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the symptoms of acute arterial occlusion from embolism or thrombosis?
What are the symptoms of acute arterial occlusion from embolism or thrombosis?
- Pain, numbness, coldness, paleness, and pulselessness in the limb distal to the occlusion (correct)
- Pain, warmth, redness, and swelling in the limb distal to the occlusion
- Pain, numbness, warmth, and visible varicosities in the limb distal to the occlusion
- Numbness, warmth, redness, and pitting edema in the limb distal to the occlusion
How can varicose veins be identified?
How can varicose veins be identified?
- Warm, red, and swollen
- Warm, pale, and pulseless
- Numb, cold, and pulseless
- Dilated, tortuous, with somewhat thickened walls (correct)
What is a characteristic of chronic venous insufficiency edema?
What is a characteristic of chronic venous insufficiency edema?
- Hard, nonpitting, and unilateral
- Warm, red, and pitting
- Numb, cold, and nonpitting
- Soft, with pitting on pressure, and occasionally bilateral (correct)
How can lymphedema be distinguished from chronic venous insufficiency?
How can lymphedema be distinguished from chronic venous insufficiency?
What is syncope?
What is syncope?
What is the cause of most cases of fainting or syncope?
What is the cause of most cases of fainting or syncope?
What is the ejection fraction (EF) normally?
What is the ejection fraction (EF) normally?
What is the paradoxical pulse associated with?
What is the paradoxical pulse associated with?
What does a paradoxical pulse indicate?
What does a paradoxical pulse indicate?
What causes decreased right ventricular preload?
What causes decreased right ventricular preload?
What is the percentage of ventricular volume ejected during each heartbeat in heart failure with reduced EF?
What is the percentage of ventricular volume ejected during each heartbeat in heart failure with reduced EF?
What is the purpose of using a blood pressure cuff to check for a paradoxical pulse?
What is the purpose of using a blood pressure cuff to check for a paradoxical pulse?
What can skin thickening indicate in terms of cardiovascular health?
What can skin thickening indicate in terms of cardiovascular health?
What can murmurs indicate?
What can murmurs indicate?
What may bruits indicate?
What may bruits indicate?
What can palpitations indicate?
What can palpitations indicate?
What can pitting edema be a sign of?
What can pitting edema be a sign of?
What can swelling or edema be caused by?
What can swelling or edema be caused by?
What is the characteristic of dependent edema?
What is the characteristic of dependent edema?
What can patients retaining fluid experience?
What can patients retaining fluid experience?
When might dependent edema become obvious?
When might dependent edema become obvious?
What can rapid weight gain occur prior to?
What can rapid weight gain occur prior to?
What should close attention be paid to in relation to swelling?
What should close attention be paid to in relation to swelling?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular Assessment and Related Symptoms
- Skin thickening may indicate conditions affecting cardiac output and perfusion such as hypertension, shock, or heart murmurs
- Heart murmurs are distinct sounds indicating turbulent blood flow, often due to valvular heart disease
- Murmurs can be graded by loudness and may indicate conditions like heart failure or hypertension
- Bruits are caused by turbulent blood flow and may indicate atherosclerosis or other conditions
- Palpitations may indicate conduction system disease, but can also be caused by anxiety or hyperthyroidism
- Pitting edema can be a sign of heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, or malnutrition
- Swelling, or edema, can be caused by cardiac or pulmonary issues, nutritional deficiencies, or positional factors
- Dependent edema appears in the lowest body parts when sitting or bedridden, while anasarca is severe generalized edema
- Patients retaining fluid may experience tight rings, periorbital puffiness, and an enlarged waistline
- Dependent edema may not be obvious until several liters of extra fluid have accumulated
- Rapid weight gain may occur prior to visible edema, so daily morning weights should be recorded
- Close attention should be paid to the location, timing, and setting of swelling, along with associated symptoms
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