Cardiac Health and Gastrointestinal Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary consequence of cardiac tamponade?

Enhanced heart function

Decreased cardiac output (correct)

Increased venous return

Reduction in blood pressure

What type of stool would indicate bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract?

Tarry-black stool with a foul odor (correct)

Light yellow color

Pale and floating

Bright red blood

What is the recommended preparation for a guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT)?

Eat a high-fiber diet before the test

Stop all medications two weeks before the test

Consume red meat and vitamin C 72 hours prior

Avoid NSAIDs and vitamin C 72 hours prior (correct)

How frequently should a FIT-fecal DNA test be conducted?

Every three years Signup and view all the answers

What causes peptic ulcer disease related to H pylori?

Infection in the mucus lining of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a post-operative patient in bed?

HOB elevated at 45 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class requires monitoring for hypotension and cough?

ACE inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom suggests digitalis toxicity?

Anorexia and yellow/blue haze Signup and view all the answers

In older adults, which of the following is NOT a common atypical sign of heart failure?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of using diuretics in heart failure management?

Decrease fluid volume Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily used to increase myocardial contractility?

Dobutamine Signup and view all the answers

In a home setting, which practice is encouraged for heart failure patients?

Regular activity building up to 30 minutes daily Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is often made for heart failure patients?

Fluid restriction Signup and view all the answers

What dietary changes are recommended for managing venous leg ulcers?

High calorie and high protein diet Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes the thickening and hardening of blood vessels?

Arteriosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of heart failure when measuring BNP levels?

BNP > 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure?

Coughing with pink frothy sputum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

Normal fasting glucose Signup and view all the answers

What develops when the endothelium changes in atherosclerosis?

Plaque formation on artery walls Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the compensated phase of heart failure?

Compensatory mechanisms are in place Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of stable plaque?

Resists blood flow and vessel movement Signup and view all the answers

What test method is typically used to evaluate structural and functional changes of the heart?

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of right-sided heart failure?

Ascites and peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

What is one important assessment to conduct before administering a blood transfusion?

Assess lung sounds to check for fluid overload Signup and view all the answers

What gauge IV needle is recommended for blood transfusions?

20 gauge or higher Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pneumonia?

Hypoactivity Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient with sickle cell disease do to avoid complications related to blood flow?

Stay hydrated and maintain hydration Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is part of the preoperative assessment for a patient prior to surgery?

Spiritual beliefs Signup and view all the answers

In managing hypertension, which of the following is an indicated target blood pressure?

120/80 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign that angina is becoming unstable during a patient's assessment?

Pain lasting longer than 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is important to prevent atelectasis in postoperative patients?

Encourage deep coughing and incentive spirometry Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of emphysema?

Poor elasticity in lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is commonly used in the management of asthma?

Bronchodilator inhalers Signup and view all the answers

What is an early sign of hypertensive emergency that requires immediate attention?

Blood pressure greater than 180/120 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

In the context of tuberculosis, what does a PPD test result of greater than 10mm indicate?

Exposure to mycobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle modification is advised for patients with hypertension?

Engage in daily exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure for examining the entire colon?

Colonoscopy Signup and view all the answers

How many hours before an endoscopy should a patient be NPO?

8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What dietary practice can help manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Elevate the head of the bed by at least 30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary types of esophagus cancer mentioned?

Adenocarcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feeding bypasses the entire digestive tract?

Parenteral feeding Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is common in urinary incontinence caused by stress?

Involuntary leaking during activities increasing abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would NOT be associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Visual disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor for urinary tract infections in women?

Bacteria in the urinary tract Signup and view all the answers

What dietary change could help in preventing kidney stones?

Drink plenty of water Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential for tube feeding administration?

Confirm tube placement per hospital policy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medication used to relieve pain in urinary tract infections?

Phenazopyridine Signup and view all the answers

What type of urinary incontinence occurs due to incomplete emptying of the bladder?

Overflow incontinence Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with urine after a 24-hour urine collection for kidney stones?

Strain all urine and save stones Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by visible and painless hematuria in a patient?

Bladder cancer Signup and view all the answers

What increases the risk of stroke by causing blood to pool in the atrium?

Atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of an embolic stroke?

Symptoms occur suddenly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following manifestations is most likely associated with a cerebral hemorrhage?

Fixed dilated pupils Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland in response to high calcium levels?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism?

Synthroid administration Signup and view all the answers

What dietary consideration is important for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

Low-calorie diet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stroke is characterized by a sudden loss of blood flow to part of the brain?

Ischemic stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is expected to be seen in patients experiencing an ischemic stroke due to thrombotic obstruction?

Gradual worsening of symptoms over hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological effect of high carbon dioxide levels in the brain?

Cerebral vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of left hemisphere CVA?

Difficulty with comprehension Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended intervention immediately following a stroke diagnosis?

Elevate the head of the bed Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of arterial blood flow to the brain?

Delivers oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a predisposing factor for intracranial hemorrhage?

Sports activities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Week 4 - Chapters 28 & 29

Blood Transfusions: Obtain consent prior, follow the protocol, nurses assess patient, check allergies, assess vital signs lung sounds, and fluid overload. High gauge IV for blood, normal saline, no dextrose. Sickle cell patients, shape of cell causes issues with blood flow. Blood cultures, sensitivities to pathogens, advise avoiding high altitudes. Pain management and hydration are important.

Week 5 - Chapters 14, 15 & 16

Operating Room: Ask patient about surgery, pain management, allergies, smoking, spiritual history, and anything that calms them down. Assess patient vitals, and assess mouth to check for loose teeth. Informed consent and monitoring older patients for hypothermia are important. Warm IV fluids are vital and blood must be readily available - type and cross-matched.

Week 7 - Chapters 19 & 20

Pneumonia: Review COPD, bronchitis, and emphysema manifestations. Assess lethargic, tachycardia/tachypnea, increased tactile fremitus, fatigue, and pulmonary issues. Chest percussion important for mucus movement.
Emphysema vs Bronchitis: Emphysema (Pink Puffers) - shortness of breath, scant sputum, hyper-inflated lungs, low/flat diaphragm, small heart. Bronchitis (Blue Bloaters) - chronic productive cough, cachexic (thin), rosy skin tone, overweight, copious sputum, normal sized lungs, and ventricular hypertrophy.

Week 8 - Chapter 31

Active vs Passive Immunity: Active immunity is from exposure to a pathogen or vaccines, creating antibodies. Passive immunity gives preformed antibodies (e.g. maternal antibodies).

Week 9 - Chapters 21 & 22

Hypertension / Angina: Understand untreated long-term effects of hypertension. Patient instructions for precipitating factors of angina and distinguishing between stable and unstable angina (chest pain). Monitor for stable angina, which occur during exertion, and may subside with rest. Unstable angina is chest pain that occurs during periods of rest. Also consider if severe or persistent, patient needs a medical emergency.

Week 10 - Chapters 23 & 25

Angina: Ask about provoking factors of angina, recognize geriatric considerations (diminished pain perception), and differentiate between stable and unstable angina (medical emergency. Predictable / activity angina relieved with rest/nitro. Unstable - unpredictable/rest/nitro not helpful, severe, lasting longer than 20 minutes, and untreated can lead to heart attack.)

Week 11 - Chapters 38 & 39 (GI)

Digestive/GI Health: Thorough health history, pain characteristics, and stool habits assessment. Diagnoses regarding bleeding (Melena-tarry stool; Hematochezia-bright red). Also, consider the need for additional tests for blood in stool and relevant diagnostic info.

Week 13 - Chapter 47, 49 & 62

Kidney & Urinary Systems: Understand the kidneys role in fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Address geriatric considerations (decreased kidney function) and risk factors. Assess patients with caution regarding hydration. Patient education, home care, and management should be a priority and include medication education and safety measures.

Week 14 - Chapter 45

Endocrine System: Review the roles of hormones in regulating growth, homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction. Hormones regulate growth, development, and metabolism. Also, focus on negative feedback mechanisms. Understanding of the thyroid gland and T3 / T4 is also critical.

Week 17 - Chapter 16

Hyperthyroidism / Graves' disease: Focus on hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, and signs. Review assessment of patient, and how to respond to a patient who has thyroid issues. Also include appropriate medication, assessment, and treatment procedures, and considerations like patient safety, education, and follow up.

Additional points

Nursing : The specific assessments and interventions for patients' issues are critical and vary greatly depending on their individual conditions. Assessments for vital signs, breathing, fluids and other indicators are important to note.
Emergency : Understand the need to evaluate and act quickly for patients with stroke or other emergencies. Assess and act according to the specific emergency.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts related to cardiac health and gastrointestinal disorders. This quiz covers topics such as cardiac tamponade, peptic ulcer disease, dietary recommendations for heart failure, and more. It's an excellent resource for medical students or healthcare professionals seeking to refresh their understanding of these crucial areas.