Cardiac Health and Breathing Exercises Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the effect of vagal stimulation on heart rate?

It decreases heart rate. (correct)

It stabilizes heart rate.

It increases heart rate.

It has no effect on heart rate.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding breathing exercises post-surgery?

Incentive spirometry is cost-effective compared to deep breathing instruction. (correct)

Diaphragmatic breathing is commonly used for post-operative care.

Breathing exercises provide no advantage over early mobilization post-bypass surgery.

Flutter valves and forced expiration techniques can be beneficial for cystic fibrosis.

What is the relationship between stroke volume and preload?

Stroke volume is inversely proportional to preload.

Preload has no impact on stroke volume.

Stroke volume is directly proportional to preload. (correct)

Stroke volume decreases as preload increases.

What happens to stroke volume when myocardial contractility decreases?

Stroke volume decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has been shown to increase stroke volume?

Increased preload. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean blood pressure when the reading is 150/90?

110 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What benefit do inspiratory muscle training and resistive diaphragmatic breathing exercises provide?

They assist in weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the efficacy of breathing exercises in cystic fibrosis is correct?

Benefits of breathing exercises have not been definitively determined. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) when a person stands up?

CVP decreases due to decreased thoracic venous volume Signup and view all the answers

Where is blood flow greatest in the lung of a normal upright adult?

At the base Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the thigh and leg?

Femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

In acute postoperative rehabilitation of lung transplant patients, which intervention is NOT recommended?

Huff coughing with closure of the glottis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to blood volume and pressure in the veins of the lower limbs when a person stands?

Both blood volume and pressure significantly increase Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily affects the distribution of blood flow in the lungs while standing?

Hydrostatic pressure due to gravity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding venous compliance?

High venous compliance leads to easier volume shifts Signup and view all the answers

During vigorous coughing, which technique is recommended for optimal mucus clearance?

Opening the glottis to ease expulsion of mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk?

Right subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a decreased level of CO2 in the blood?

Hypocapnia Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dyspnea in cardiac dysfunction is false?

It is commonly associated with hypotension. Signup and view all the answers

In an ECG, atrial depolarization is represented by which wave?

P wave Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does not branch from the brachiocephalic trunk?

Left common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypocapnia?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which ECG wave indicates ventricular repolarization?

T wave Signup and view all the answers

What condition is not related to decreased levels of oxygen in the blood?

Hyperoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What type of burn is characterized by bright pink coloration, intact blisters, and blanching upon pressure?

Superficial partial Signup and view all the answers

Which crutch-walking gait is suitable for a patient who cannot support full weight on either leg?

Four-point gait Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers?

Smoking and substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to be present in a superficial partial thickness burn?

Severe edema Signup and view all the answers

When estimating burns on a patient, what percentage of the body does the anterior face cover in adults?

9% Signup and view all the answers

Which patient condition would most likely benefit from the use of a four-point gait?

Cerebral palsy with spasticity Signup and view all the answers

What level of pain is typically associated with a superficial partial thickness burn?

Severe (7-9/10) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the risk factors for pressure ulcers?

Only elderly patients are at risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the cardiac conducting system?

SAN → AVN → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers → Ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the lower limb and enters the thigh midline before descending vertically?

Femoral Artery Signup and view all the answers

In the immediate postoperative care following cardiac transplantation, which statement is inaccurate?

Heart rate is maintained at about 110 beats per minute for the first 72 hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about myocardial ischemia and infarction is false?

Myocardial infarction is primarily caused by viral infection. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Bundle of His play in the cardiac conduction system?

It conducts electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje Fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence arises from a decrease in the ability of coronary arteries to provide adequate oxygen?

Myocardial ischemia. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for the electrical conduction leading to ventricular contraction?

Purkinje Fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT involved in the prevention of myocardial ischemia?

Venous return enhancement. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Transplants

Oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold is significantly lower in individuals with cardiac transplants compared to healthy individuals.
This reduction is partly due to skeletal muscle weakness.

Vagal Stimulation

Vagal stimulation leads to a decrease in heart rate (HR).
Loss of vagal tone typically results in an increased HR.

Breathing Exercises

Various breathing techniques have benefits for patients with cystic fibrosis, though their efficacy remains unproven.
Breathing exercises may not offer additional benefits post-surgery compared to early mobilization.
Incentive spirometry is comparable in effectiveness and cost to deep breathing and coughing instruction.
Diaphragmatic and lateral costal expansion exercises are common in postoperative care.
Inspiratory muscle training is beneficial for weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Stroke Volume and Cardiac Mechanics

Stroke volume (SV) increases with increased preload, per Frank-Starling law.
SV is directly proportional to preload, indicating a relationship between ventricular filling and stroke volume.

Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure

Mean arterial pressure for a reading of 150/90 is 100 mm Hg.
Understanding the cardiac conduction system:
- The sequence is Sinoatrial Node (SAN) → Atrioventricular Node (AVN) → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers → Ventricles.

Anatomical Points on Lower Limb Arteries

The femoral artery supplies the lower limb, entering the thigh and descending vertically.
The anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply the respective compartments of the leg.

Postoperative Care Following Cardiac Transplantation

Oral diet may begin as soon as the patient tolerates it.
Most patients wean off mechanical ventilation within 24-36 hours.
Heart rate post-transplant is typically maintained around 110 beats per minute initially.

Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

Angina pectoris pain arises from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
Factors leading to coronary occlusions cannot be controlled just by resolving thrombus formation.
Venous compliance allows blood volume shifts significantly affect thoracic venous blood volume during standing.

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Blood flow is greatest at the base of the lungs due to gravity.

Rehabilitation After Lung Transplant

Postoperative rehabilitation focuses on ROM exercises, pain control, and effective coughing techniques.
Huff coughing with glottis closure is not recommended; glottis opening helps with mucus clearance.

Congestive Heart Failure Statements

The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery, not the left subclavian artery.

Carbon Dioxide Levels

Hypocapnia indicates a decreased level of CO2 in the blood.
Hypercapnia signifies increased CO2 levels.

Dyspnea and Cardiac Dysfunction

Dyspnea may be linked to hypertension or aortic valve disease but typically coincides with hypertension, not hypotension.

ECG Waves and Cardiac Activity

Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave on an ECG.
The QRS complex reflects ventricular depolarization, while T waves show ventricular repolarization.

Crutch-Walking Gait Selection

A four-point gait is recommended for patients unable to support full weight due to muscle weakness or coordination issues.

Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors

Risk factors for pressure ulcers include anemia, muscle atrophy, and impaired nutritional status, excluding smoking and substance abuse.

Burn Assessment in Patients

Considerations for estimating burn percentage include the affected anatomical regions, particularly when evaluating burns on the face.

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Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of cardiac transplant impacts on oxygen consumption and the effects of vagal stimulation on heart rate. Additionally, it explores various breathing exercises and their benefits for patients with cystic fibrosis. Test your knowledge and gain insights into these critical health topics.