Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the effect of vagal stimulation on heart rate?
What is the effect of vagal stimulation on heart rate?
- It decreases heart rate. (correct)
- It stabilizes heart rate.
- It increases heart rate.
- It has no effect on heart rate.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding breathing exercises post-surgery?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding breathing exercises post-surgery?
- Incentive spirometry is cost-effective compared to deep breathing instruction. (correct)
- Diaphragmatic breathing is commonly used for post-operative care.
- Breathing exercises provide no advantage over early mobilization post-bypass surgery.
- Flutter valves and forced expiration techniques can be beneficial for cystic fibrosis.
What is the relationship between stroke volume and preload?
What is the relationship between stroke volume and preload?
- Stroke volume is inversely proportional to preload.
- Preload has no impact on stroke volume.
- Stroke volume is directly proportional to preload. (correct)
- Stroke volume decreases as preload increases.
What happens to stroke volume when myocardial contractility decreases?
What happens to stroke volume when myocardial contractility decreases?
Which factor has been shown to increase stroke volume?
Which factor has been shown to increase stroke volume?
What is the mean blood pressure when the reading is 150/90?
What is the mean blood pressure when the reading is 150/90?
What benefit do inspiratory muscle training and resistive diaphragmatic breathing exercises provide?
What benefit do inspiratory muscle training and resistive diaphragmatic breathing exercises provide?
Which of the following statements about the efficacy of breathing exercises in cystic fibrosis is correct?
Which of the following statements about the efficacy of breathing exercises in cystic fibrosis is correct?
What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) when a person stands up?
What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) when a person stands up?
Where is blood flow greatest in the lung of a normal upright adult?
Where is blood flow greatest in the lung of a normal upright adult?
Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the thigh and leg?
Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the thigh and leg?
In acute postoperative rehabilitation of lung transplant patients, which intervention is NOT recommended?
In acute postoperative rehabilitation of lung transplant patients, which intervention is NOT recommended?
What occurs to blood volume and pressure in the veins of the lower limbs when a person stands?
What occurs to blood volume and pressure in the veins of the lower limbs when a person stands?
What factor primarily affects the distribution of blood flow in the lungs while standing?
What factor primarily affects the distribution of blood flow in the lungs while standing?
Which of the following is true regarding venous compliance?
Which of the following is true regarding venous compliance?
During vigorous coughing, which technique is recommended for optimal mucus clearance?
During vigorous coughing, which technique is recommended for optimal mucus clearance?
Which artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk?
Which artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk?
What condition is characterized by a decreased level of CO2 in the blood?
What condition is characterized by a decreased level of CO2 in the blood?
Which statement about dyspnea in cardiac dysfunction is false?
Which statement about dyspnea in cardiac dysfunction is false?
In an ECG, atrial depolarization is represented by which wave?
In an ECG, atrial depolarization is represented by which wave?
Which artery does not branch from the brachiocephalic trunk?
Which artery does not branch from the brachiocephalic trunk?
What is the primary cause of hypocapnia?
What is the primary cause of hypocapnia?
Which ECG wave indicates ventricular repolarization?
Which ECG wave indicates ventricular repolarization?
What condition is not related to decreased levels of oxygen in the blood?
What condition is not related to decreased levels of oxygen in the blood?
What type of burn is characterized by bright pink coloration, intact blisters, and blanching upon pressure?
What type of burn is characterized by bright pink coloration, intact blisters, and blanching upon pressure?
Which crutch-walking gait is suitable for a patient who cannot support full weight on either leg?
Which crutch-walking gait is suitable for a patient who cannot support full weight on either leg?
Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers?
Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers?
Which symptom is least likely to be present in a superficial partial thickness burn?
Which symptom is least likely to be present in a superficial partial thickness burn?
When estimating burns on a patient, what percentage of the body does the anterior face cover in adults?
When estimating burns on a patient, what percentage of the body does the anterior face cover in adults?
Which patient condition would most likely benefit from the use of a four-point gait?
Which patient condition would most likely benefit from the use of a four-point gait?
What level of pain is typically associated with a superficial partial thickness burn?
What level of pain is typically associated with a superficial partial thickness burn?
What is a common misconception about the risk factors for pressure ulcers?
What is a common misconception about the risk factors for pressure ulcers?
What is the correct sequence of the cardiac conducting system?
What is the correct sequence of the cardiac conducting system?
Which artery supplies the lower limb and enters the thigh midline before descending vertically?
Which artery supplies the lower limb and enters the thigh midline before descending vertically?
In the immediate postoperative care following cardiac transplantation, which statement is inaccurate?
In the immediate postoperative care following cardiac transplantation, which statement is inaccurate?
Which statement about myocardial ischemia and infarction is false?
Which statement about myocardial ischemia and infarction is false?
What role does the Bundle of His play in the cardiac conduction system?
What role does the Bundle of His play in the cardiac conduction system?
What consequence arises from a decrease in the ability of coronary arteries to provide adequate oxygen?
What consequence arises from a decrease in the ability of coronary arteries to provide adequate oxygen?
Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for the electrical conduction leading to ventricular contraction?
Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for the electrical conduction leading to ventricular contraction?
Which factor is NOT involved in the prevention of myocardial ischemia?
Which factor is NOT involved in the prevention of myocardial ischemia?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Transplants
- Oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold is significantly lower in individuals with cardiac transplants compared to healthy individuals.
- This reduction is partly due to skeletal muscle weakness.
Vagal Stimulation
- Vagal stimulation leads to a decrease in heart rate (HR).
- Loss of vagal tone typically results in an increased HR.
Breathing Exercises
- Various breathing techniques have benefits for patients with cystic fibrosis, though their efficacy remains unproven.
- Breathing exercises may not offer additional benefits post-surgery compared to early mobilization.
- Incentive spirometry is comparable in effectiveness and cost to deep breathing and coughing instruction.
- Diaphragmatic and lateral costal expansion exercises are common in postoperative care.
- Inspiratory muscle training is beneficial for weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Stroke Volume and Cardiac Mechanics
- Stroke volume (SV) increases with increased preload, per Frank-Starling law.
- SV is directly proportional to preload, indicating a relationship between ventricular filling and stroke volume.
Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure
- Mean arterial pressure for a reading of 150/90 is 100 mm Hg.
- Understanding the cardiac conduction system:
- The sequence is Sinoatrial Node (SAN) → Atrioventricular Node (AVN) → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers → Ventricles.
Anatomical Points on Lower Limb Arteries
- The femoral artery supplies the lower limb, entering the thigh and descending vertically.
- The anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply the respective compartments of the leg.
Postoperative Care Following Cardiac Transplantation
- Oral diet may begin as soon as the patient tolerates it.
- Most patients wean off mechanical ventilation within 24-36 hours.
- Heart rate post-transplant is typically maintained around 110 beats per minute initially.
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
- Angina pectoris pain arises from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
- Factors leading to coronary occlusions cannot be controlled just by resolving thrombus formation.
- Venous compliance allows blood volume shifts significantly affect thoracic venous blood volume during standing.
Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Blood flow is greatest at the base of the lungs due to gravity.
Rehabilitation After Lung Transplant
- Postoperative rehabilitation focuses on ROM exercises, pain control, and effective coughing techniques.
- Huff coughing with glottis closure is not recommended; glottis opening helps with mucus clearance.
Congestive Heart Failure Statements
- The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery, not the left subclavian artery.
Carbon Dioxide Levels
- Hypocapnia indicates a decreased level of CO2 in the blood.
- Hypercapnia signifies increased CO2 levels.
Dyspnea and Cardiac Dysfunction
- Dyspnea may be linked to hypertension or aortic valve disease but typically coincides with hypertension, not hypotension.
ECG Waves and Cardiac Activity
- Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave on an ECG.
- The QRS complex reflects ventricular depolarization, while T waves show ventricular repolarization.
Crutch-Walking Gait Selection
- A four-point gait is recommended for patients unable to support full weight due to muscle weakness or coordination issues.
Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors
- Risk factors for pressure ulcers include anemia, muscle atrophy, and impaired nutritional status, excluding smoking and substance abuse.
Burn Assessment in Patients
- Considerations for estimating burn percentage include the affected anatomical regions, particularly when evaluating burns on the face.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
