Cardiac Cycle and Electrical-Mechanical Events Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV valves?

  • Isovolumetric relaxation
  • Ventricular ejection
  • Ventricular filling
  • Isovolumetric contraction (correct)

    • What is the formula to calculate cardiac output (CO), given stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)?

  • CO = SV x HR (correct)
  • CO = SV / HR
  • CO = SV + HR
  • CO = HR - SV

    • What is the relationship between end diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV)?

  • EDV is equal to SV
  • EDV has no effect on SV
  • EDV is inversely proportional to SV
  • EDV is directly proportional to SV (correct)

    • Which phase of the cardiac cycle is associated with ventricular filling?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole called?

    <p>End diastolic volume (EDV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first heart sound?

    <p>S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

    <p>EDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

    <p>SV = EDV - ESV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects stroke volume by increasing the stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases contractile strength and is independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume?

    <p>Contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affect stroke volume?

    <p>Preload and afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Frank Starling's Law of Contraction?

    <p>It affects stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of preload and afterload?

    <p>They impact stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'contractility' in relation to the heart?

    <p>It is the force of ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardiac cycle consists of systole and diastole.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ventricular ejection is a phase of the cardiac cycle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Afterload refers to the pressure that must be overcome for ventricles to eject blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hypertension increases afterload and reduces stroke volume.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) occurs when blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Atrial (Bainbridge) reflex increases heart rate by stimulating the SA node.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Venous return is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Frank-Starling Law of the heart states that an increase in end diastolic volume (EDV) leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Positive ionotropic agents increase stroke volume (SV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Negative chronotropic agents decrease heart rate (HR).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Changes in heart rate (HR) have no effect on filling time and end diastolic volume (EDV).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ______ phase of the cardiac cycle, the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta.

    <p>ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.

    <p>end diastolic volume (EDV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular filling, the AV valves are ______, while the SL valves are closed.

    <p>open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The remaining 20% of blood volume is delivered during ______ systole.

    <p>atrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    End diastolic volume (EDV) refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular ______.

    <p>diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle, ventricular systole is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV ______.

    <p>valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract. An increase in preload leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

    <p>Slow heartbeat and exercise increase [blank] return, which in turn increases end diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contractility is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV). An increase in contractility leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV) and a decrease in end-systolic volume (ESV).

    <p>The formula to calculate cardiac output (CO) is $CO = HR \times SV$, where HR is the heart rate and SV is the stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An increase in ______ leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

    <p>preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls.

    <p>venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ ______ is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV).

    <p>contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (R)?

    <p>BP = CO × PR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors directly influence blood pressure?

    <p>CO, PR, and blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains blood pressure?

    <p>Changes in one variable are quickly compensated for by changes in other variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>CO = SV × HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affect peripheral resistance?

    <p>Blood pressure and vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance?

    <p>Blood flow = pressure x resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?

    <p>MAP is the average pressure in the arteries and it is calculated by adding the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and dividing by 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of blood flow?

    <p>The volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three important sources of resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

    <p>Blood viscosity, total blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of blood pressure?

    <p>The force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

    <p>Blood vessel diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a short-term control mechanism to balance blood pressure?

    <p>Activation of vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers in the brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause transient elevations in blood pressure?

    <p>Changes in posture, physical exertion, and emotional upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the direct and indirect renal mechanisms for long-term blood pressure control?

    <p>The direct renal mechanism involves the filtration of blood by the kidneys, while the indirect renal mechanism involves the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vital signs used to monitor circulatory efficiency?

    <p>Pulse and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood flow is the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period of time?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood pressure is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by blood?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Resistance is the measure of the amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood flow is directly proportional to peripheral resistance?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance is $Q = \frac{P},{R}$, where Q is blood flow, P is pressure, and R is resistance?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated using the equation $MAP = \frac{2},{3} \cdot diastolic\ pressure + \frac{1},{3} \cdot systolic\ pressure$?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The direct renal mechanism is the main mechanism for long-term blood pressure control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The indirect renal mechanism involves the release of renin from the kidneys.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Changes in posture, physical exertion, and emotional upset can cause transient elevations in blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The systolic pressure is the pressure at which sounds first occur as blood starts to spurt through an artery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Blood pressure varies directly with cardiac output (CO), peripheral resistance (PR), and blood volume?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Changes in blood pressure can be quickly compensated for by changes in other variables such as CO, PR, and blood volume?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The equation for blood pressure is BP = CO imes PR?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) is MAP = SV imes HR imes R?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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