Cardiac Cycle and Electrical-Mechanical Events Quiz

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Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV valves?

Isovolumetric relaxation

Ventricular ejection

Ventricular filling

Isovolumetric contraction (correct)

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output (CO), given stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)?

CO = SV x HR (correct)

CO = SV / HR

CO = SV + HR

CO = HR - SV

What is the relationship between end diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV)?

EDV is equal to SV

EDV has no effect on SV

EDV is inversely proportional to SV

EDV is directly proportional to SV (correct)

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is associated with ventricular filling?

Atrial systole Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole called?

End diastolic volume (EDV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first heart sound?

S1 Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta?

Ventricular systole Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

EDV Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV - ESV Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects stroke volume by increasing the stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

Preload Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases contractile strength and is independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume?

Contractility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect stroke volume?

Preload and afterload Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Frank Starling's Law of Contraction?

It affects stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of preload and afterload?

They impact stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is 'contractility' in relation to the heart?

It is the force of ventricular contraction Signup and view all the answers

The cardiac cycle consists of systole and diastole.

True Signup and view all the answers

Ventricular ejection is a phase of the cardiac cycle.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Afterload refers to the pressure that must be overcome for ventricles to eject blood.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Hypertension increases afterload and reduces stroke volume.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) occurs when blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Atrial (Bainbridge) reflex increases heart rate by stimulating the SA node.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Venous return is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Frank-Starling Law of the heart states that an increase in end diastolic volume (EDV) leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Positive ionotropic agents increase stroke volume (SV).

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Negative chronotropic agents decrease heart rate (HR).

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Changes in heart rate (HR) have no effect on filling time and end diastolic volume (EDV).

False Signup and view all the answers

During the ______ phase of the cardiac cycle, the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta.

ejection Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.

end diastolic volume (EDV) Signup and view all the answers

During ventricular filling, the AV valves are ______, while the SL valves are closed.

open Signup and view all the answers

The remaining 20% of blood volume is delivered during ______ systole.

atrial Signup and view all the answers

End diastolic volume (EDV) refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular ______.

diastole Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac cycle, ventricular systole is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV ______.

valves Signup and view all the answers

Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract. An increase in preload leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

Slow heartbeat and exercise increase [blank] return, which in turn increases end diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV). Signup and view all the answers

Contractility is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV). An increase in contractility leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV) and a decrease in end-systolic volume (ESV).

The formula to calculate cardiac output (CO) is $CO = HR \times SV$, where HR is the heart rate and SV is the stroke volume. Signup and view all the answers

An increase in ______ leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

preload Signup and view all the answers

______ is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls.

venous return Signup and view all the answers

is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV).

contractility Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (R)?

BP = CO × PR Signup and view all the answers

Which factors directly influence blood pressure?

CO, PR, and blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains blood pressure?

Changes in one variable are quickly compensated for by changes in other variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

CO = SV × HR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect peripheral resistance?

Blood pressure and vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance?

Blood flow = pressure x resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?

MAP is the average pressure in the arteries and it is calculated by adding the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and dividing by 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of blood flow?

The volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three important sources of resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

Blood viscosity, total blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of blood pressure?

The force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

Blood vessel diameter. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a short-term control mechanism to balance blood pressure?

Activation of vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers in the brain stem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can cause transient elevations in blood pressure?

Changes in posture, physical exertion, and emotional upset Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the direct and indirect renal mechanisms for long-term blood pressure control?

The direct renal mechanism involves the filtration of blood by the kidneys, while the indirect renal mechanism involves the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

What are the vital signs used to monitor circulatory efficiency?

Pulse and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Blood flow is the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period of time?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Blood pressure is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by blood?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Resistance is the measure of the amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Blood flow is directly proportional to peripheral resistance?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance is $Q = \frac{P},{R}$, where Q is blood flow, P is pressure, and R is resistance?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated using the equation $MAP = \frac{2},{3} \cdot diastolic\ pressure + \frac{1},{3} \cdot systolic\ pressure$?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The direct renal mechanism is the main mechanism for long-term blood pressure control.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The indirect renal mechanism involves the release of renin from the kidneys.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Changes in posture, physical exertion, and emotional upset can cause transient elevations in blood pressure.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The systolic pressure is the pressure at which sounds first occur as blood starts to spurt through an artery.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Blood pressure varies directly with cardiac output (CO), peripheral resistance (PR), and blood volume?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Changes in blood pressure can be quickly compensated for by changes in other variables such as CO, PR, and blood volume?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The equation for blood pressure is BP = CO imes PR?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) is MAP = SV imes HR imes R?

False Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac Cycle and Electrical-Mechanical Events Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV valves?

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output (CO), given stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)?

What is the relationship between end diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV)?

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is associated with ventricular filling?

What is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole called?

What is the name of the first heart sound?

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta?

Which term refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

What is the formula for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

Which factor affects stroke volume by increasing the stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

Which factor increases contractile strength and is independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume?

Which of the following factors affect stroke volume?

What is the significance of Frank Starling's Law of Contraction?

What is the clinical significance of preload and afterload?

What is 'contractility' in relation to the heart?

The cardiac cycle consists of systole and diastole.

Ventricular ejection is a phase of the cardiac cycle.

Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

True or false: Afterload refers to the pressure that must be overcome for ventricles to eject blood.

True or false: Hypertension increases afterload and reduces stroke volume.

True or false: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) occurs when blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs.

True or false: The Atrial (Bainbridge) reflex increases heart rate by stimulating the SA node.

True or false: Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction?

True or false: Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute?

True or false: Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract?

True or false: Venous return is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls?

True or false: The Frank-Starling Law of the heart states that an increase in end diastolic volume (EDV) leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

True or false: Positive ionotropic agents increase stroke volume (SV).

True or false: Negative chronotropic agents decrease heart rate (HR).

True or false: Changes in heart rate (HR) have no effect on filling time and end diastolic volume (EDV).

During the ______ phase of the cardiac cycle, the SL valves open and blood flows into the Pulmonary artery and Aorta.

The ______ is the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.

During ventricular filling, the AV valves are ______, while the SL valves are closed.

The remaining 20% of blood volume is delivered during ______ systole.

End diastolic volume (EDV) refers to the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular ______.

In the cardiac cycle, ventricular systole is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles and the closure of the AV ______.

Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract. An increase in preload leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

Contractility is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV). An increase in contractility leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV) and a decrease in end-systolic volume (ESV).

An increase in ______ leads to an increase in stroke volume (SV).

______ is the most important factor that stretches ventricular walls.

______ ______ is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV).

Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (R)?

Which factors directly influence blood pressure?

What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains blood pressure?

What is the equation for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

Which of the following factors affect peripheral resistance?

What is the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance?

What is mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?

Which of the following is the correct definition of blood flow?

What are the three important sources of resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

What is the correct definition of blood pressure?

Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on resistance in the peripheral (systemic) circulation?

Which of the following is a short-term control mechanism to balance blood pressure?

Which of the following factors can cause transient elevations in blood pressure?

What is the difference between the direct and indirect renal mechanisms for long-term blood pressure control?

What are the vital signs used to monitor circulatory efficiency?

True or false: Blood flow is the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation in a given period of time?

True or false: Blood pressure is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by blood?

True or false: Resistance is the measure of the amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls?

True or false: Blood flow is directly proportional to peripheral resistance?

True or false: Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

True or false: The equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance is $Q = \frac{P},{R}$, where Q is blood flow, P is pressure, and R is resistance?

True or false: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated using the equation $MAP = \frac{2},{3} \cdot diastolic\ pressure + \frac{1},{3} \cdot systolic\ pressure$?

True or false: The direct renal mechanism is the main mechanism for long-term blood pressure control.

True or false: The indirect renal mechanism involves the release of renin from the kidneys.

True or false: Changes in posture, physical exertion, and emotional upset can cause transient elevations in blood pressure.

True or false: The systolic pressure is the pressure at which sounds first occur as blood starts to spurt through an artery.

True or false: Blood pressure varies directly with cardiac output (CO), peripheral resistance (PR), and blood volume?

True or false: Changes in blood pressure can be quickly compensated for by changes in other variables such as CO, PR, and blood volume?

True or false: The equation for blood pressure is BP = CO imes PR?

True or false: The equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) is MAP = SV imes HR imes R?

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is the contractile strength of the heart, independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic volume (EDV).