Cardiac Cycle and Electrical Conduction

The first heart sound, caused by the closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid).

The second heart sound, caused by the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

A heart sound that may be normal in young adults, but is abnormal in older adults and is associated with heart failure.

The pacemaker of the heart, initiating the electrical conduction.

Located at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

Located at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, then travels through the right ventricle, lungs, and left atrium to the left ventricle and aorta, delivering oxygenated blood.

The valves located between the atria and ventricles of the heart.

The valves located between the ventricles and the great arteries (aorta and pulmonary arteries).

The heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Arteries are blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

These are the components of the circulatory system responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

An MRI scan can be utilized to view an implanted insulin pump.

A family history of hypertension, heart attack, or stroke significantly increases a person's risk for heart disease.

Peripheral Artery Disease is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Use both the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope to assess heart sounds.

Heart murmurs are abnormal heart sounds often detected using the stethoscope's bell.

Chest pain is a common symptom of a heart attack.

Pain that is felt in a location distant from its origin.

Check vitals and perform a cardiac assessment.

60-100 beats per minute (BPM).

A heart rate below 60 beats per minute.

Assess the patient in a semi-Fowler's or sitting position.

An outward thrust of the ventricle.

Use your finger pads to locate cardiac structures before auscultation.

A pulsating sensation felt when palpating.

Palpable vibrations during cardiac exam.

In certain individuals, murmurs may be difficult to hear.

Listen to all five landmarks using the bell and diaphragm, and ensure to not listen while the patient is prone or in the right lateral recumbent position.

Common symptoms may include weight gain, increased fatigue, trouble tolerating exercise, pulmonary (lung) problems like rapid breathing, cyanosis, or hypoxemia or peripheral edema/weight gain, jugular vein distention, and GI distress in the case of right-sided heart failure. If the symptom changes, seek a provider.

The first heart sound, caused by the closing of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid).

The second heart sound, caused by the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

A heart sound that may be normal in young adults, but is abnormal in older adults and is associated with heart failure.

The pacemaker of the heart, initiating the electrical conduction.

Located at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

Located at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, then travels through the right ventricle, lungs, and left atrium to the left ventricle and aorta, delivering oxygenated blood.

The valves located between the atria and ventricles of the heart.

The valves located between the ventricles and the great arteries (aorta and pulmonary arteries).

The heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Arteries are blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

These are the components of the circulatory system responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

Parts of circulatory system return deoxygenated blood to heart.

Medical imaging (MRI) used to visualize an implanted insulin pump.

Family history of hypertension, heart attack, or stroke increases heart disease risk.

Peripheral Artery Disease; reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Use both the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope.

Abnormal heart sounds, heard with stethoscope's bell.

Chest pain common symptom

Felt in a different location from the source.

Check vital signs, cardiac assessment if reported symptoms.

60-100 beats per minute (BPM).

Heart rate below 60 BPM.

Assess in semi-Fowler's or sitting position.

Outward thrust of the ventricle.

Use finger pads before auscultation

A pulsating sensation during palpation.

Palpable vibrations during cardiac exam; abnormal.

Difficult to hear in obese individuals. If hear murmur seek medical advice.

Use bell/diaphragm over all 5 landmarks; avoid prone/right lateral.

Common symptoms = weight gain, fatigue, exercise intolerance; pulmonary or peripheral edema, jugular, GI distress. These symptoms changing or worsening seek a provider.

First heart sound, caused by closing of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid).

Second heart sound, caused by closing of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

Heart sound, may be normal in young adults, but abnormal in older adults, associated with heart failure.

Pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical conduction.

Located at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

Located at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium, flows through right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.

Valves between atria and ventricles of the heart.

Valves between ventricles and great arteries (aorta and pulmonary arteries).

Heart chamber receiving deoxygenated blood from the body.

Heart chamber pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

Sequence of events in one complete heartbeat (contraction and relaxation).

The four parts of the heart involved in circulating blood. (Right & Left Atria and Ventricles).

Blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

Components of the circulatory system responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Medical imaging (MRI) used to visualize an implanted insulin pump.

Family history of hypertension, heart attack, or stroke increases heart disease risk.

Peripheral Artery Disease; reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Use both the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope.

Abnormal heart sounds, heard with a stethoscope's bell.

Chest pain is a common symptom.

Felt in a different location from the source.

Check vital signs, cardiac assessment if reported symptoms.

60-100 beats per minute (BPM).

Heart rate below 60 BPM.

Assess in semi-Fowler's or sitting position.

Outward thrust of the ventricle.

Use finger pads before auscultation.

A pulsating sensation during palpation.

Palpable vibrations during cardiac exam; abnormal.

Difficult to hear in obese individuals. If hear murmur seek medical advice.

Use bell/diaphragm over all 5 landmarks; avoid prone/right lateral.

Common symptoms = weight gain, fatigue, exercise intolerance; pulmonary or peripheral edema, jugular, GI distress. These symptoms changing or worsening seek a provider.

First heart sound; closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid).

Second heart sound; closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

Extra heart sound, normal in young adults, abnormal in older adults, linked to heart failure.

Pacemaker of the heart; initiates electrical conduction.

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.

Deoxygenated blood to right atrium, then right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.

Valves between atria and ventricles.

Valves between ventricles and major blood vessels (aorta and pulmonary arteries).

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Sequence of events in a heartbeat (contraction and relaxation).

The four sections of the heart: right and left atria, right and left ventricles.

Blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

Parts of circulatory system return deoxygenated blood to heart.

Medical imaging (MRI) used to visualize an implanted insulin pump.

History of hypertension, heart attack, or stroke increases heart disease risk.

Peripheral Artery Disease; reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Use both the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope.

Abnormal heart sounds, heard with a stethoscope's bell.

Chest pain is a common symptom.

Felt in a different location from the source.

Check vital signs, cardiac assessment if reported symptoms.

60-100 beats per minute (BPM).

Heart rate below 60 BPM.

Assess in semi-Fowler's or sitting position.

Outward thrust of the ventricle.

Use finger pads before auscultation.

A pulsating sensation during palpation.

Palpable vibrations during cardiac exam; abnormal.

Difficult to hear in obese individuals. If hear murmur seek medical advice.

Use bell/diaphragm over all 5 landmarks; avoid prone/right lateral.

Common symptoms = weight gain, fatigue, exercise intolerance; pulmonary or peripheral edema, jugular, GI distress. These symptoms changing or worsening seek a provider.

First heart sound; closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid).

Second heart sound; closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

Extra heart sound, potentially normal in young adults, but abnormal in older adults, potentially associated with heart failure.

Pacemaker of the heart; initiates electrical conduction.

Located at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

Located at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium, flows through right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.

Valves between atria and ventricles of the heart.

Valves between ventricles and great arteries (aorta and pulmonary arteries).

Heart chamber receiving deoxygenated blood from the body.

Heart chamber pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

Sequence of events in one complete heartbeat (contraction and relaxation).

The four parts of the heart involved in circulating blood. (Right & Left Atria and Ventricles).

Blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.

Parts of circulatory system return deoxygenated blood to heart.

Medical imaging (MRI) used to visualize an implanted insulin pump.

Family history of hypertension, heart attack, or stroke increases heart disease risk.

Peripheral Artery Disease; reduced blood flow to the limbs.

Use both the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope.

Abnormal heart sounds, heard with a stethoscope's bell.

Chest pain is a common symptom.

Felt in a different location from the source.

Check vital signs, cardiac assessment if reported symptoms.

60-100 beats per minute (BPM).

Heart rate below 60 BPM.

Assess in semi-Fowler's or sitting position.

Outward thrust of the ventricle.

Use finger pads before auscultation.

A pulsating sensation during palpation.

Palpable vibrations during cardiac exam; abnormal.

Difficult to hear in obese individuals. If hear murmur seek medical advice.

Use bell/diaphragm over all 5 landmarks; avoid prone/right lateral.

Common symptoms = weight gain, fatigue, exercise intolerance; pulmonary or peripheral edema, jugular, GI distress. These symptoms changing or worsening seek a provider.

A scale used to assess mental status, evaluating for mild, moderate, or severe brain injury.

Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), and Abducens (CN VI) are responsible.

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is responsible for the gag reflex.

A tongue depressor is used to assess the gag reflex.

Assess for pharyngeal sensation if the gag reflex cannot be elicited.

Taste and sensory functions in the posterior tongue, tonsils, pharynx, and pharyngeal muscles.

CN IX is responsible for the posterior tongue, tonsils, pharynx. CN X is responsible for heart, lungs & digestive system sensing.

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls the tongue's midline position and side-to-side movement.

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for chewing.

Facial nerve (CN VII) controls facial expressions.

Optic nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision.

Responsible for balance and coordination.

Governs emotions, cognition, personality, and contains Broca's area.

Processes sensory information.

Involved in processing smell, sounds, and language.

Responsible for vision.

The ability to perceive and respond to stimuli: sight, hearing, smell, touch.

Movement, strength, range of motion, and gait.

Mental status, orientation, and memory.

Begin upon entering the patient's room.

Sudden, unilateral (one-sided) weakness, slurred speech, facial droop, aphasia (difficulty speaking/understanding).

Symptoms appear suddenly, with any unequal strength/movement on one side of the body/face compared to the other indicating a possible stroke.

Prompt evaluation is crucial to minimize lasting deficits related to the stroke.

Unilateral (one sided) symptoms are more concerning than bilateral (two-sided) in a stroke.

Following a stroke, deficits typically manifest on the opposite side of the affected brain region.

Inward posturing, arms flexed inward and towards the body, legs extended.

Outward posturing, arms and legs extended.

Assessment of balance and coordination.

Nurse stands beside patient, with one arm in front and one behind the patient in case the patient loses balance.

Instruct patient to stand with eyes closed.

Swaying or falling when eyes are closed.

Maintain posture with eyes closed.

Evaluation of consciousness, orientation, and cognition.

Scale used to assess mental status after a brain injury.

Cranial nerves responsible for eye movement and pupil response.

Cranial nerve responsible for the gag reflex.and taste.

A tongue depressor is needed to assess the gag reflex.

Pharyngeal sensation if the gag reflex is stimulated.

Sensory function in the posterior tongue, tonsils, pharynx, and pharyngeal muscles; also taste.

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) handles posterior tongue and throat sensations; CN 10 (vagus) handles sensations of heart, lungs, and digestive system

Cranial nerve controlling tongue movement (midline position and side-to-side movement).

Cranial nerve controlling chewing.

Cranial nerve controlling facial expressions.

Cranial nerve responsible for vision.

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination.

The frontal lobe is responsible for emotions, cognition, personality and Broca's area.

The parietal lobe integrates sensory information.

The temporal lobe processes smell, sounds, and language.

The occipital lobe is responsible for vision.

The ability to see, hear, smell, touch/feel, etc.

Movement, strength, range of motion, and gait.

Mental status, orientation, memory.

Begin neurological assessment when entering the room.

Sudden, unilateral muscle weakness, slurred speech, facial droop, aphasia (difficulty talking or understanding speech).

Symptoms of stroke are sudden and related to imbalances in strength/movement between the two sides of the body/face.

Residual deficits may happen if symptoms are not addressed quickly.

Unilateral symptoms (one side) are more concerning for stroke than bilateral symptoms (both sides).

A complete neurological examination is important for people with stroke symptoms.

Deficits from a stroke usually occur on the opposite side of the body from the affected brain location.

Inward posturing is known as decorticate posturing.

Outward posturing is known as decerebrate posturing.

Assess balance and coordination by having the patient stand with eyes closed.