20 Questions
Which structure transmits the action potential with a 0.1 second delay, allowing full atrial contraction?
AV node
In the sequence of events during the cardiac cycle, where does the action potential pass through after the AV node?
SA node
What is the name of the extensive network that spreads through the ventricular myocardium from the apex upwards?
Purkinje fibers
Which of the following structures is responsible for generating the action potential in the right atrium?
SA node
What is the function of the AV bundle (bundle of HIS) in the transmission of the action potential?
Generates the action potential in the right atrium
Which part of the heart completes depolarization after being innervated by the Purkinje fibers?
Left ventricle
What comprises the diastole of the cardiac cycle?
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation and ventricular filling with atria relaxed
What is the effect of sympathetic input on the heart rate?
Increases the heart rate
Which hormones and ions can increase the heart rate?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What is the primary determinant of arterial blood pressure?
Elastic properties of the arterial system
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?
$CO = SV imes HR$
What does an inotrope affect in relation to the heart?
Force of contraction
What is the main determinant of arterial blood pressure?
Resistance to forward flow in the arterial system
What factor influences vascular resistance (R) the most?
Vessel diameter
In the pulmonary circulation, which chamber generates less force compared to the systemic circulation?
Right ventricle
Which part of the brain controls both heart rate and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
What is the normal range of ejection fraction, a measure of cardiac function?
$60-70 ext{%}$
Which wave in an ECG represents atrial depolarization?
P wave
What does the QRS complex in an ECG represent?
Ventricular depolarization
What does the T-Q segment in an ECG represent?
Ventricular diastole
This quiz covers the electrical and mechanical events of the cardiac cycle, including factors affecting cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also includes a simple ECG trace explanation. Ideal for students studying the cardiac cycle and related topics.
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