Carbohydrates Overview and Classification

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Which of the following is NOT a source of carbohydrates?

What type of carbohydrate is formed from 2 monosaccharides?

Which carbohydrate serves as the main source of energy in humans?

Which classification of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharides?

What classification would an aldopentose belong to based on the number of carbon atoms?

What role do carbohydrates play in the formation of blood groups?

Which of the following sugars is classified as a ketohexose?

Which molecule is an example of an aldotetrose?

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants?

Carbohydrates

Most abundant components produced by plants
Are aldehyde or ketone derivatives with a general formula of $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
Composed of 3 or more carbon atoms
Found in sources such as bread, potatoes, milk, beans, corn, and soft drinks

Importance of Carbohydrates

Primary energy source
Energy storage: starch in plants, glycogen in animals and humans (liver & muscles)
Provide carbon for synthesis of other compounds
Key component of nucleic acids
Form blood groups
Biological roles include hormones and enzymes
Structural components in plants and animals

Classification of Carbohydrates by Sugar Units

Monosaccharides: Simple sugars with one sugar unit
Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides: 3 to 10 sugar units
Polysaccharides: More than 10 monosaccharides

Monosaccharides

Can be categorized by the number of carbon atoms:
- 3: Triose
- 4: Tetrose
- 5: Pentose
- 6: Hexose
- 7: Heptose
Can be categorized by the active group:
- Aldoses: The carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain.
- Ketoses: The carbonyl group is in the middle of the carbon chain.
Aldotriose:
- Glyceraldhyde
Aldotetrose:
- Erythrose
Aldopentose:
- Ribose
Aldohexose:
- Glucose
- Galactose
Aldoheptose:
- Heptose
Ketotriose:
- Dihydroxyacetone
Ketotetrose:
- Erythrulose
Ketopentrose:
- Ribulose
Ketohexose:
- Fructose
Ketoheptose:
- Heptulose

This quiz covers the essential aspects of carbohydrates, focusing on their structure, importance, and classification by sugar units. Learn about monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with their biological roles and significance in energy storage and synthesis. Test your knowledge on this fundamental topic in biology!