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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
- $C_nH_nO_n$
- $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
- $C_nH_{n-2}O_n$
- $C_nH_{2n-1}O_n$ (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a source of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a source of carbohydrates?
- Chicken (correct)
- Milk
- Corn (correct)
- Beans
What type of carbohydrate is formed from 2 monosaccharides?
What type of carbohydrate is formed from 2 monosaccharides?
- Polysaccharide
- Oligosaccharide
- Disaccharide (correct)
- Monosaccharide
Which carbohydrate serves as the main source of energy in humans?
Which carbohydrate serves as the main source of energy in humans?
Which classification of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharides?
Which classification of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharides?
What classification would an aldopentose belong to based on the number of carbon atoms?
What classification would an aldopentose belong to based on the number of carbon atoms?
What role do carbohydrates play in the formation of blood groups?
What role do carbohydrates play in the formation of blood groups?
Which of the following sugars is classified as a ketohexose?
Which of the following sugars is classified as a ketohexose?
Which molecule is an example of an aldotetrose?
Which molecule is an example of an aldotetrose?
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Most abundant components produced by plants
- Are aldehyde or ketone derivatives with a general formula of $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
- Composed of 3 or more carbon atoms
- Found in sources such as bread, potatoes, milk, beans, corn, and soft drinks
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Primary energy source
- Energy storage: starch in plants, glycogen in animals and humans (liver & muscles)
- Provide carbon for synthesis of other compounds
- Key component of nucleic acids
- Form blood groups
- Biological roles include hormones and enzymes
- Structural components in plants and animals
Classification of Carbohydrates by Sugar Units
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars with one sugar unit
- Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides
- Oligosaccharides: 3 to 10 sugar units
- Polysaccharides: More than 10 monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
- Can be categorized by the number of carbon atoms:
- 3: Triose
- 4: Tetrose
- 5: Pentose
- 6: Hexose
- 7: Heptose
- Can be categorized by the active group:
- Aldoses: The carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain.
- Ketoses: The carbonyl group is in the middle of the carbon chain.
- Aldotriose:
- Glyceraldhyde
- Aldotetrose:
- Erythrose
- Aldopentose:
- Ribose
- Aldohexose:
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Aldoheptose:
- Heptose
- Ketotriose:
- Dihydroxyacetone
- Ketotetrose:
- Erythrulose
- Ketopentrose:
- Ribulose
- Ketohexose:
- Fructose
- Ketoheptose:
- Heptulose
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